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Author: Lisa Ferguson Stegall Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 690
Book Description
Recent research suggests that adding protein (PRO) to a carbohydrate (CHO) supplement can have substantial benefits for endurance exercise performance and recovery beyond that of CHO alone. CHO+PRO supplements are often commercially available formulations consisting of carbohydrates (dextrose, maltodextrin) and whey protein. The effects of a supplement containing moderate protein and a low-CHO mixture on endurance performance has not been investigated. Also, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of a natural food, flavored milk, on measures of recovery from acute endurance exercise, as well as on chronic aerobic exercise training adaptations, have not been characterized. Therefore, in this series of four studies, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation on the following areas of endurance exercise performance, recovery, and adaptation are investigated: acute endurance exercise performance, inflammatory and muscle damage markers, muscle glycogen resynthesis, activation of signaling proteins involved in the initiation of protein synthesis and degradation, subsequent endurance exercise performance, and chronic aerobic training adaptations (maximal oxygen consumption, oxidative enzyme activity, body composition, immune cell levels, and inflammatory markers). Study 1 demonstrated that a supplement containing a low-CHO mixture plus moderate protein significantly improved aerobic endurance when cycling at or below the ventilatory threshold, despite containing 50% less CHO and 30% fewer calories relative to a higher CHO beverage. Study 2 demonstrated that CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of chocolate milk (CM) is an effective post-exercise supplement that can improve subsequent performance and provide a greater intracellular signaling stimulus for protein synthesis compared to CHO and placebo. Study 3 found that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic exercise training improves the magnitude of cardiovascular adaptations more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo, while the fourth study demonstrated that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic training improves body composition more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo. The fourth study also demonstrated that 4.5 wks of training does not appear to perturb resting immune cell concentrations or markers of inflammation and muscle damage. Taken together, the results of this research series suggest that CHO+PRO supplementation extends endurance performance, improves recovery, and increases training adaptations more effectively than CHO or placebo.
Author: Lisa Ferguson Stegall Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 690
Book Description
Recent research suggests that adding protein (PRO) to a carbohydrate (CHO) supplement can have substantial benefits for endurance exercise performance and recovery beyond that of CHO alone. CHO+PRO supplements are often commercially available formulations consisting of carbohydrates (dextrose, maltodextrin) and whey protein. The effects of a supplement containing moderate protein and a low-CHO mixture on endurance performance has not been investigated. Also, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of a natural food, flavored milk, on measures of recovery from acute endurance exercise, as well as on chronic aerobic exercise training adaptations, have not been characterized. Therefore, in this series of four studies, the effects of CHO+PRO supplementation on the following areas of endurance exercise performance, recovery, and adaptation are investigated: acute endurance exercise performance, inflammatory and muscle damage markers, muscle glycogen resynthesis, activation of signaling proteins involved in the initiation of protein synthesis and degradation, subsequent endurance exercise performance, and chronic aerobic training adaptations (maximal oxygen consumption, oxidative enzyme activity, body composition, immune cell levels, and inflammatory markers). Study 1 demonstrated that a supplement containing a low-CHO mixture plus moderate protein significantly improved aerobic endurance when cycling at or below the ventilatory threshold, despite containing 50% less CHO and 30% fewer calories relative to a higher CHO beverage. Study 2 demonstrated that CHO+PRO supplementation in the form of chocolate milk (CM) is an effective post-exercise supplement that can improve subsequent performance and provide a greater intracellular signaling stimulus for protein synthesis compared to CHO and placebo. Study 3 found that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic exercise training improves the magnitude of cardiovascular adaptations more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo, while the fourth study demonstrated that post-exercise CM supplementation during 4.5 wks of aerobic training improves body composition more effectively than isocaloric CHO or placebo. The fourth study also demonstrated that 4.5 wks of training does not appear to perturb resting immune cell concentrations or markers of inflammation and muscle damage. Taken together, the results of this research series suggest that CHO+PRO supplementation extends endurance performance, improves recovery, and increases training adaptations more effectively than CHO or placebo.
Author: R.J. Maughan Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3805596987 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Diet significantly affects athletic performance, and adoption of a dietary strategy that meets an athlete’s nutrition goals will maximize the possibility of competitive success. Over the years, the focus has shifted from a high intake of (animal) protein to the role of carbohydrate and water. Today, there is a growing recognition that the primary role of sports nutrition may be to promote the adaptations taking place in muscle and other tissues in response to the training stimulus. There is also much interest in the implications of manipulation of the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet. This publication contains the proceedings of the 69th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop held in Hawaii in October 2010. The aim of the workshop was to explore the effects of nutritional manipulations on the metabolic responses to acute and chronic exercise. Another goal was to further identify the possible role of these dietary interventions in promoting adaptive changes in muscle, adipose tissues and other potential sites of limitation to exercise performance. Papers cover the three macronutrients carbohydrate, fat and protein, plus an additional chapter on water, together with the accompanying discussions.
Author: Wanyi Wang (M.S. in Kinesiology) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
Resistance exercise (RE) is purported to induce muscle protein accretion primarily by stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with its effect potentiated by providing a protein or amino acid (AA) supplement post exercise. Glutamine, a conditionally essential AA, is increasingly recommended to improve exercise performance, but it is poorly soluble and unstable in sports drinks. This limitation can be overcome by combining L-glutamine with L-alanine to form a dipeptide (AlaGln). The first study demonstrated that AlaGln supplementation post resistance exercise significantly reduced the phosphorylation of AMPK and NF-kB p65 without activating intracellular signals for MPS. This study also showed that whey protein (WP) activated the mTOR signaling pathways without affecting signaling proteins that controls muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The results provide indirect evidence that AlaGln blocks MPB via suppressing the activation of AMPK-FOXO3A and NF-kB p65, while WP promotes MPS. Recent research suggests that adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a protein supplement post exercise can produce greater protein accretion and subsequently increase the magnitude of resistance training adaptation relative to protein supplementation alone. Early studies from our laboratory found that co-ingestion of CHO and protein, as compared with CHO or protein intake individually, had a greater effect on the activation of anabolic signaling proteins. However, the effect of CHO plus protein on MPS and muscle adaptation is controversial. The second study demonstrated that adding CHO to a protein supplement (CP) accelerated MPS via activating the mTOR-signaling pathway in comparison with placebo (PLA) and WP during early exercise recovery, but CP did not affect signaling proteins that regulate MPB. The third study found that CP enhanced muscle strength relative to PLA and WP. The greater strength development in CP appeared due to increased myofibrillar protein content. Increased muscle hypertrophy occurred without an increase in myonuclei suggesting satellite cell activation was not required for muscle fiber development. Taken together, the results of this series of studies suggest that 1) AlaGln inhibits MPB following acute RE; 2) Adding CHO to a protein supplement accelerates muscle recovery by stimulating MPS, and increases the magnitude of muscle strength by accumulating more myofibrillar protein in comparison with PLA and WP.
Author: Jose Antonio Publisher: Human Kinetics ISBN: 9780736037730 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
In Supplements for Endurance Athletes, you can cut through all the hype and find the information you need on 20 top supplements. Find out which supplements to use--and which to avoid--to maximize your advantage. You'll learn what the supplements are, how they work, how to use them, and the precautions necessary for safe and healthy use. Some of the supplements detailed include -branched-chain amino acids, -coenzyme Q10, -carnitine, -glycerol, -glutamine, -caffeine and ephedrine, -ginseng, and -sodium citrate.Whether you're a runner, cyclist, or triathlete, let Supplements for Endurance Athletes cut through all the hype and help you find the performance edge you're looking for.
Author: Manfred Lamprecht Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466567570 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbohydrates Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
Introduction: This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate and protein (CHO+Pro) supplementation during intensified training on cardiovascular adaptations and cycling performance. Methods: Five cyclists (VO2peak = 62.6 ± 10.7 ml/kg/min) performed two 27-day training protocols while receiving either CHO or CHO+Pro supplements. The exercise protocols consisted of 7 days of normal training (NT), 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT; 100% increase in average training duration versus NT), and 10 days of reduced volume training (RVT; reduction in training duration to 60% of NT). Performance was assessed by a 30-km time trial following 120 min of constant-load cycling and VO2peak testing. Other physiological measures were assessed at rest (heart rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and albumin) and during exercise (heart rate, ventilation, RER, RPE, VO2, glucose, and lactate). Supplements were consumed during exercise (750 ml·hr-1; CHO = 6% concentration; CHO+PRO = 6% CHO, 2% Pro concentrations) and immediately following exercise (9.93 ml of fluid·kg BW- 1; CHO = 1.2 g CHO·kg BW-1; CHO+PRO = 1.2 g CHO·kg BW-1 + 0.3 g Pro·kg BW-1). Data was analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Time to complete the 30-km TT and average TT power were 'likely' impaired following ICT, with no differences between treatments. Following RVT, time to complete the 30-km TT and average TT power were 'likely' improved versus ICT, with no differences between treatments. Between NT and ICT constant-load HR significantly decreased (independent of treatment), with a 'very likely' larger reduction with CHO+Pro (135±13 bpm to 128±10 bpm) versus CHO (133±15 bpm to 132±13 bpm). Between NT and RVT, constant-load HR also 'very likely' declined to a greater extent with CHO+Pro (135±13 bpm to 132±14) than with CHO (133±15 to 138±16 bpm). Serum albumin was 'likely' increased following ICT and RVT (independent of treatment), but differences between treatments were 'unclear'. Conclusion: These findings suggest exercising heart rates in well trained-cyclists are attenuated with carbohydrate and protein supplementation, although the cause of the reduced in HR is unclear. In addition, the implications of these findings require further study, as overall exercise tolerance and adaptations following intensified training were similar to those observed with carbohydrate supplementation.
Author: Lisa Ferguson Stegall
Author: Lisa Ferguson Stegall
Author: Sharon Lee Miller
Author: R.J. Maughan
Author: Wanyi Wang (M.S. in Kinesiology)
Author: Jose Antonio
Author: Manfred Lamprecht
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (France)
Author: Matthew Owen Widzer