The Effects of Age on Speech Intensity Measures PDF Download

Author: Trish R. Meyers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aging
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Author: Dallin J. Bailey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 49

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The present study examined the divided attention effects of three non-speech tasks on concurrent speech motor performance. These tasks targeted linguistic, cognitive, and manual motor activity. Participants included 60 healthy adults separated into three different age groups of twenty participants each: college-age (20s), middle-aged (40s), and older adults (60s). Each participant completed a speech task once in isolation and once concurrently with each of the three non-speech tasks: a semantic decision task, a quantitative comparison task, and a manual motor task. The non-speech tasks were also performed in isolation. The speech task involved repeating a target phrase each time a beep sounded, for a total of fourteen repetitions. Dependent measures for speech were derived from lip kinematic recordings from a head-mounted strain gauge system. Dependent measures for the other tasks included timed response counts and accuracy rates. Results indicated significant divided attention effects, impacting speech and nonspeech measures in the linguistic and cognitive conditions, and impacting speech measures in the manual motor condition. A significant age effect for utterance duration was also found, as well as a divided attention interaction with age for cognitive task accuracy. The results add to what is known about bidirectional interference between speech and other concurrent tasks, as well as age effects on speech motor control.

Author: Susan E. Fulton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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ABSTRACT: The ability to resolve rapid intensity and frequency fluctuations in sound is important for understanding speech, especially in real-world environments that include background noise and reverberation. Older listeners often complain of difficulties understanding speech in such real-world environments. One factor thought to influence speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environments is temporal resolution, the ability to follow rapid acoustic changes over time. Temporal resolution is thought to help listeners resolve rapid acoustic changes in speech as well as use small glimpses of speech available in the dips or gaps in the background sounds. Temporal resolution is an ability that is known to deteriorate with age and hearing loss, negatively affecting the ability to understand speech in noisy real-world environments. Measures of temporal resolution, including temporal masking, gap detection, and speech in interrupted noise, use a silent gap as the cue of interest. Temporal masking and speech in interrupted noise tasks measure how well a listener resolves a stimulus before, after, or between sounds (i.e., within a silent gap), while gap detection tasks measure how well the listener resolves the timing of a silent gap itself. A listener needs to resolve information within the gap and the timing of the gap when listening to speech in background sounds. This study examined the role of aging and hearing loss on three measures of temporal resolution: temporal masking, gap detection, and speech understanding in interrupted noise. For all three measures, participants were young listeners with normal hearing (n = 8, mean age = 25.4 years) and older listeners with hearing loss (n = 9, mean age = 72.1 years). Results showed significant differences between listener groups for all three temporal measures. Specifically, older listeners with hearing loss had higher temporal masked thresholds, larger gap detection thresholds, and required a higher signal-to-noise ratio for speech understanding in interrupted noise. Relations between temporal tasks were observed. Temporal masked thresholds and gap detection thresholds accounted for a significant amount of the variance in speech-in-noise scores. Findings suggest that deficits in temporal resolution abilities may contribute to the speech-in-noise difficulties reported by older listeners.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309092965
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321

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Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.

Author: Larry J. Bradford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 682

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Author: Robert Thayer Sataloff
Publisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 1944883738
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 777

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In Clinical Assessment of Voice, Second Edition, Dr. Sataloff brings together a dynamic group of professionals who share his interdisciplinary philosophy of voice care. They provide an introduction to medical diagnostics and special problems with professional performers and voice users and offer a rare look at the assessment procedures used by the top voice care teams in the world. Clinical Assessment of Voice, Second Edition, includes chapters written by individuals with specialties in laryngology, teaching of singing and acting, voice science, and speech-language pathology, nursing, and acoustics. Starting with an extensive case history and following with the physical examination, the objective documentation in the voice laboratory, and the latest diagnostic imaging with laryngeal computed tomography and strobovideolaryngoscopy, the chapters delineate the possible diagnoses and treatment approaches that currently represent the state of the art in assessment of voice disorders. Added is current information on the medical-legal evaluation, now ever more important for the professional performer. New to this edition: New chapters on high-speed digital imaging, evolution of technology, magnetic resonance imaging, pediatric voice disorders, and thyroid disorders.Many chapters have been rewritten extensively to include the most recent practices and techniques, as well as updated references.Discussion of a large number of studies that were not addressed previously and a review of the latest literature, while also retaining classic literature.New information on topics such as measuring voice treatment outcomes, World Trade Center syndrome, and laryngeal effects of asbestos exposure.A selection of new authors who provide an interdisciplinary approach and valuable insights into the care of vocal performers. Clinical Assessment of Voice, Second Edition is ideal for speech-language pathology students and clinicians and is suitable for classroom use as well as for reference. For practicing otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists, it is an invaluable guide for understanding the techniques for proper diagnosis and for organizing a plan of treatment. For singers and performers, knowledge of the assessment process is presented in a manner that allows them to determine what level of assessment they should pursue for the most current treatment.

Author: Alexey Karpov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030878023
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 856

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2021, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 2021.* The 74 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 163 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including audio signal processing, automatic speech recognition, speaker recognition, computational paralinguistics, speech synthesis, sign language and multimodal processing, and speech and language resources. *Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, SPECOM 2021 was held as a hybrid event.

Author: Robert Thayer Sataloff
Publisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 1944883959
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 1017

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Now in one convenient volume, Vocal Health and Pedagogy: Science, Assessment, and Treatment, Third Edition answers every question you've ever had about the voice, from the physics of sounds, to vocal technique, to medications, to performance anxiety. It presents anatomical, physiological, and neurological considerations, as well as covers critical issues related to patient history, laryngeal function, the physical examination, and historical perspectives of vocal pedagogy. The first part of the book introduces basic concepts of voice science, assessment, and training. It focuses on the science behind the common problems that afflict voice users and enables understanding of the medical approach to problem analysis. The second part of the book contains additional information on the specific health and performance conditions that affect the voice and their assessment and treatment. It considers the medical and nonmedical issues affecting the human voice, including diagnosis and treatment of voice problems, the effects of physical injury, posture, pollutants and irritants, psychological effects, voice therapy, medication, and more. New to this edition: New chapters on topics such as pedagogy for children, the importance of studying music, laryngeal issues involving wind instrument performance, high-speed digital imaging, the evolution of technology, pediatric voice disorders, thyroid disorders, the vocal effects of birth control medications, and autoimmune disorders.Many chapters have been extensively revised to update previous content and add new information on material such as choral pedagogy for geriatric singers, World Trade Center syndrome, and laryngeal effects of asbestos exposure.Chapters on medications for performers have been revised to delete medications no longer used frequently and to add various medications and drug classes that were not included previously, as well as information on alternative and complementary medicines.References have been updated throughout to include discussion of new studies and a review of the latest literature, while also retaining the classic literature.Includes the most recent practices and techniques, the latest information on surgical and adjunctive therapy, and important changes in criteria and strategy. Vocal Health and Pedagogy: Science, Assessment, and Treatment, Third Edition is ideal for courses in vocal pedagogy and speech-language pathology. Additionally, it is a valuable resource for professional and amateur performers and their teachers.

Author: Ratree Wayland
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108882366
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 537

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Including contributions from a team of world-renowned international scholars, this volume is a state-of-the-art survey of second language speech research, showcasing new empirical studies alongside critical reviews of existing influential speech learning models. It presents a revised version of Flege's Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) for the first time, an update on a cornerstone of second language research. Chapters are grouped into five thematic areas: theoretical progress, segmental acquisition, acquiring suprasegmental features, accentedness and acoustic features, and cognitive and psychological variables. Every chapter provides new empirical evidence, offering new insights as well as challenges on aspects of the second language speech acquisition process. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book summarises the state of current research in second language phonology, and aims to shape and inspire future research in the field. It is an essential resource for academic researchers and students of second language acquisition, applied linguistics and phonetics and phonology.

Author: National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nervous system
Languages : en
Pages : 530

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