The Effects of a Visual Prompt on the Speech-perception Abilities of Adults with Normal Hearing PDF Download

Author: Ashley S. Hall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 100

View

Book Description

Author: Jana B. Frtusova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
Adding visual speech information (i.e. lip movements) to auditory speech information (i.e. voice) can enhance speech comprehension in younger and older adults while at the same time it reduces electrical brain responses, as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). Thus, the brain seems to allocate fewer resources to speech comprehension when audio-visual (AV) speech information is available. This study examined whether the brain resources saved at the perceptual level during AV presentation allow younger and older adults to perform better on a working memory task, and whether older adults benefit to the same extent as younger adults. Twenty older adults and 23 younger adults completed an n-back working memory task (0-, 1-,2-, 3-back) under visual-only (V-only), auditory-only (A-only), and AV condition while ERPs were recorded. The results showed a decrease in reaction time across all memory loads and an improvement in accuracy for 2back and 3-back during AV compared to the V-only and A-only conditions. In addition, ERP analysis from a sample of 12 younger and 12 older adults showed a smaller N1 amplitude for the older group during AV compared to A-only presentation. The attenuation of N1, however, did not correlate with behavioural data. Nor did it show a relationship with changes either in the latency or the amplitude of P3, an ERP that reflects working memory processes. Thus, despite clear behavioural improvements on the working memory task during AV speech presentation, a more direct relationship between facilitation of sensory processing and working memory improvement was not identified.

Author: Jana Baranyaiova Frtusova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 207

View

Book Description
It has been proposed in the literature that if too many processing resources need to be devoted to perception then higher-order cognitive functions, such as working memory (WM), may suffer. This effect may be particularly evident in individuals who have restricted processing resources, such as older adults (OA) suffering from hearing loss or cognitive impairment. One possibility to facilitate perception during speech processing is through the auditory-visual (AV) modality. The current research examined whether AV speech perception helps to facilitate perceptual and WM processing in OAs with restricted processing resources. In both studies, participants completed a WM n-back task under different speech modalities: AV, auditory-only, or visual-only (Study 1). Both behavioural and event-related potentials (ERPs) measures were collected during the task. Study 1 examined the effect of AV speech on WM in OAs with hearing impairment compared to normal-hearing OAs. The results showed that AV speech in comparison to auditory-only speech led to facilitated perceptual processing in OAs with hearing impairment, as indicated by ERP responses. The AV modality also led to facilitated WM functioning in both groups, as suggested by ERP responses and behavioural reaction time. A few measures indicated that visual speech cues may have helped OAs with hearing impairment to counteract the demanding auditory processing. Study 2 examined the effect of AV speech on WM in OAs suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD) compared to cognitively healthy OAs. The ERP responses showed that the AV modality compared to the auditory-only modality led to facilitated perceptual and WM processing in both groups. In addition, the behavioural results showed improved accuracy during the WM task for the patient group, and faster reaction time for both the patient group and the cognitively healthy control group. Overall, the results showed that OAs with hearing or cognitive impairment benefit from AV speech in terms of improved WM performance. In fact, there were a few indications that the AV benefit may be even more robust in these groups than in cognitively healthy OAs. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Author: Kimberly Lynn Hanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176

View

Book Description

Author: Ruth Campbell
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780863775024
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 338

View

Book Description
This volume outlines developments in practical and theoretical research into speechreading lipreading.

Author: Donna L. Eskwitt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328

View

Book Description

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Language and languages
Languages : en
Pages : 396

View

Book Description

Author: Samantha D. Jansen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 126

View

Book Description
Understanding spoken communication in noisy environments is a task a majority of the world's population takes part in each day. This process is called speech perception. An individual's auditory, visual, and cognitive ability are important during speech perception in non-ideal listening conditions, and while the contributions of perceptual and cognitive abilities have been documented for younger (i.e., 18-30 years old) and older adults (i.e., 60+years old), studies have almost exclusively failed to include non-geriatric adults between 31 and 59 years old. The purpose of the current study was to identify the auditory, visual, and/or cognitive abilities, which could individually or collectively predict an individual's improvement in speech recognition performance, derived from seeing a speaker's face in a non-geriatric adult (i.e., 20-59 years old) sample. The results indicate no age-related differences in the ability to integrate audiovisual speech information. Rather, these data reveal that differences in working memory capacity (WMC) and perceptual ability modulate the noise level at which their maximum integration occurred. Non-geriatric adults with smaller working memory capacities experience maximum integration in quieter noise levels, demonstrating a reliance on perceptual abilities; however, as the environment becomes noisier their inferior WMC limits their ability to compensate and they have difficulty identifying the target speech. Alternatively, those participants with larger WMCs experience maximum integration in louder noise levels. They have a certain immunity to the effects of noise, allowing them to identify speech under poorer (i.e., louder) listening conditions. Additionally, maximum integration is experienced in more advantageous (i.e., quieter) listening conditions with increasing age, indicating the optimal noise levels for speech recognition differ with age.

Author: Janel L. Cosby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322

View

Book Description
The current study explored the impact of short term auditory training (LACE-Degraded) and auditory-cognitive training (LACE 4.0) on speech perceptual and cognitive measures in older adults with mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Thirty five participants, ages 60 to 80 years, with symmetrical mild-moderate SNHL completed a preliminary test battery of speech perceptual, cognitive, and self-report measures. The 35 study participants were randomly placed into one of three training groups (LACE 4.0, LACE-Degraded, or Short-Story Listening Training). Participants completed one week of training followed by post-testing. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was used to determine if significant improvements in speech perceptual, cognitive processing, and/or self-reported communication abilities occurred following the different training conditions. In addition, Pearson Product Moment correlation analyses were used to determine associations between experimental measures. No significant differences were found for initial measures of speech perceptual, cognitive processing, or self-report communication abilities; age or hearing loss between the three groups. The main finding was improvement for the LACE 4.0 group with increased performance on some speech perceptual and self-report measures. No strong correlations were found between changes in speech perception and initial measures of cognition or self-report. However, small to moderate significant correlations were found between selected speech perceptual measures, between cognitive processing measures, and between self-report measures. In the current study, tests sharing more common features tended to show significant correlations. Of interest, was a strong significant positive correlation that occurred between the Words in Noise test (speech perceptual measure) and the Time Compressed Speech test (processing speed measure). These two measures shared three out of five common task features and used words from the NU 6 word list. Unlike others studies, the current study focused on auditory and auditory-cognitive training in non-hearing aid users. These types of trainings may be a valid option for non-hearing aid users. Further confirmation of short-term training benefit is important because there is low compliance for completing the traditional longer training programs.

Author: Amanda-Mei Fullerton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 70

View

Book Description
Considerable variability exists in speech perception outcomes after cochlear implantation, particularly in adults with post-lingual hearing loss. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have demonstrated that the extent of cross-modal plasticity (i.e. competitive take-over of the auditory cortex by the visual cortex), measured by the activity of the visual-evoked potential (VEP) activity in the cortical regions, is significantly correlated with performance measures of speech perception-in-noise. This trend is observed in adults with a cochlear implant (CI) and therefore, it is of interest to understand how cross-modal plasticity changes with time in adults with severe-profound hearing loss once audition is restored with a CI.