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Author: Alex Cohen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper examines the effectiveness of command-and-control policies in the presence of incomplete and overlapping regulations. We study how recent bans on phosphate in household dishwasher detergent affect pollution loads to waterways, costs at wastewater treatment facilities, and consumer behavior. We show that the effectiveness of the bans in reducing effluent depends critically on regulations at receiving treatment facilities. As cost minimizers, facilities with an emissions standard on phosphorus face no incentive to deviate from the standard. We show that bans have weak effects on effluent, especially in the most polluted waterways. We also use an early, isolated ban in Spokane, Washington to study the effect of the bans on consumers. We find that this ban shifted approximately 40 percent of dishwasher detergent sales from Spokane to bordering counties until a state-wide ban was implemented. Using these estimates, we find that the welfare loss to consumers from recent bans is likely greater than the cost-savings to treatment plants.
Author: Alex Cohen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper examines the effectiveness of command-and-control policies in the presence of incomplete and overlapping regulations. We study how recent bans on phosphate in household dishwasher detergent affect pollution loads to waterways, costs at wastewater treatment facilities, and consumer behavior. We show that the effectiveness of the bans in reducing effluent depends critically on regulations at receiving treatment facilities. As cost minimizers, facilities with an emissions standard on phosphorus face no incentive to deviate from the standard. We show that bans have weak effects on effluent, especially in the most polluted waterways. We also use an early, isolated ban in Spokane, Washington to study the effect of the bans on consumers. We find that this ban shifted approximately 40 percent of dishwasher detergent sales from Spokane to bordering counties until a state-wide ban was implemented. Using these estimates, we find that the welfare loss to consumers from recent bans is likely greater than the cost-savings to treatment plants.
Author: Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323906753 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Environmental Micropollutants, the latest volume in the Advances in Environmental Pollution Research series, presents the latest research on various environmental micropollutants, as well as their impacts on health and the economy, also addressing the best possible solutions to address the risks presented by these pollutants. The book covers solutions for dusts, infectious particles, heavy metals, organophosphates, atmospheric toxic organic micropollutants, fungal spores, pollutants from E-waste, and antibiotics threats, providing researchers working in environmental science and management with key knowledge to address this increasingly important concern. These types of micropollutants can be present in water, air and soil and can harm health even in low quantities, hence this book covers the challenges these pollutants pose to the environment and human health, presenting practical solutions. - Identifies key micropollutants in the environment and examines their impacts on human health and the economy - Presents methods and treatment technologies for addressing the problem of micropollutants - Offers the latest research on a variety of micropollutants and the best solutions for each
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Environmental impact charges Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
In dealing with local environmental authorities, Chinese firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms, while those generating more complaints from the public about their emissions have less.
Author: Norman Lee Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111868558X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Since the 1980s, and especially since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, there has been a substantial extension in the adoption and use of Environmental Assessment (EA) procedures in developing countries and countries in transition (low and middle income countries). However, few existing texts in environmental assessment or development studies have reflected this trend sufficiently, until this publication. Divided into two main parts: * EA Principles, Processes and Practice. * Country and Institutional Studies of EA Procedures and Practice. This book explains the essentials of environmental impact association in the context of developing countries and assesses its importance to both developed and developing countries.
Author: Hua Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
In dealing with local environmental authorities, Chinese firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms, while those generating more complaints from the public about their emissions have less. Only a small number of studies have empirically examined the determinants of the monitoring and enforcement performed by environmental regulators, and most of these have focused on industrial countries. In contrast, Wang, Mamingi, Laplante, and Dasgupta empirically examine the determinants of enforcement in China. More precisely, they analyze the determinants of firms' relative bargaining power with local environmental authorities with respect to the enforcement of pollution charges.The authors show that private sector firms appear to have less bargaining power than state-owned enterprises. Contrary to earlier findings, they also show that firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms and are more likely to pay smaller pollution charges than they should be paying. Finally, the authors show that the greater the social impact of a firm's emissions (as measured by complaints), the less bargaining power it has with local environmental authorities.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries.
Author: Hua Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Only a small number of studies have empirically examined the determinants of the monitoring and enforcement performed by environmental regulators, and most of these have focused on industrial countries. In contrast, the authors empirically examine the determinants of enforcement in China. More precisely, they analyze the determinants of firms' relative bargaining power with local environmental authorities with respect to the enforcement of pollution charges. The authors show that private sector firms appear to have less bargaining power than state-owned enterprises. Contrary to earlier findings, they also show that firms facing adverse financial situations have more bargaining power than other firms and are more likely to pay smaller pollution charges than they should be paying. Finally, the authors show that the greater the social impact of a firm's emissions (as measured by complaints), the less bargaining power it has with local environmental authorities.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Oversight and Review Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemicals Languages : en Pages : 2252
Author: Alex Cohen
Author: Alex Cohen
Author: Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Author: 
Author: Norman Lee
Author: Hua Wang
Author: Hua Wang
Author: Jiayong Zhang
Author: 
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Oversight and Review
Author: Jasdip Singh