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Author: Fabian Nippgen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
Watershed-scale hydrology research has long focused on understanding how various feedbacks in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum affect streamflow. With this dissertation I sought to contribute to our understanding of how watershed characteristics (e.g. topography and vegetation) and climate affect various aspects of watershed hydrology, such as streamflow response times, watershed memory, and runoff source areas. Specifically, I was interested in 1) how watershed structure and climate affect inter- and intra-watershed variability in hydrologic response times, 2) how past precipitation and watershed memory affect runoff response on time scales of months to years, and 3) how runoff source areas vary through time. I approached these challenges/questions through a combination of spatially and temporally intensive and extensive observations synthesized as a) application of a simple lumped model to distill complex watershed behavior into comparable metrics across nested watersheds, b) empirical analysis of long-term hydroclimatic data sets to investigate the effect of watershed memory on the hydrologic response of watersheds, and c) the development of a parsimonious but fully distributed hydrologic rainfall-runoff model to characterize the effect of topographically driven lateral water redistribution and water uptake by vegetation on landscape scale hydrologic connectivity. We demonstrated that 1) differences in response times between watersheds were caused by differences in watershed structure while differences in response times between years were a function of maximum snow accumulation; 2) we found strong influences of past precipitation on runoff from monthly to annual time scales; 3) runoff source areas were highly variable over the course of two water years and exhibited hysteretic spatial behavior over the course of the snow melt seasons. This dissertation contributed new hydrologic understanding of how watershed properties (topography, geology, vegetation etc.), climatic variability, and the interactions between them affect hydrologic response at the watershed scale.
Author: Fabian Nippgen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
Watershed-scale hydrology research has long focused on understanding how various feedbacks in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum affect streamflow. With this dissertation I sought to contribute to our understanding of how watershed characteristics (e.g. topography and vegetation) and climate affect various aspects of watershed hydrology, such as streamflow response times, watershed memory, and runoff source areas. Specifically, I was interested in 1) how watershed structure and climate affect inter- and intra-watershed variability in hydrologic response times, 2) how past precipitation and watershed memory affect runoff response on time scales of months to years, and 3) how runoff source areas vary through time. I approached these challenges/questions through a combination of spatially and temporally intensive and extensive observations synthesized as a) application of a simple lumped model to distill complex watershed behavior into comparable metrics across nested watersheds, b) empirical analysis of long-term hydroclimatic data sets to investigate the effect of watershed memory on the hydrologic response of watersheds, and c) the development of a parsimonious but fully distributed hydrologic rainfall-runoff model to characterize the effect of topographically driven lateral water redistribution and water uptake by vegetation on landscape scale hydrologic connectivity. We demonstrated that 1) differences in response times between watersheds were caused by differences in watershed structure while differences in response times between years were a function of maximum snow accumulation; 2) we found strong influences of past precipitation on runoff from monthly to annual time scales; 3) runoff source areas were highly variable over the course of two water years and exhibited hysteretic spatial behavior over the course of the snow melt seasons. This dissertation contributed new hydrologic understanding of how watershed properties (topography, geology, vegetation etc.), climatic variability, and the interactions between them affect hydrologic response at the watershed scale.
Author: Mark S. Wigmosta Publisher: American Geophysical Union ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Presents recent data on how forest management activities and urbanization have influenced the hydrologic and geomorphic responses of watersheds. Focusing on the Pacific Northwest, the 12 contributions discuss wetland processes, channel disturbance, changes in hydrology, and susceptibility to landslides in cities, and consider the effects of timber harvesting and road construction on stream flow, sediment yield, and erosion. Field studies of paired experimental/manipulated watersheds, plot studies, and spatially distributed models are provided. No index. c. Book News Inc.
Author: Michael J. Furniss Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437939848 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Water from forested watersheds provides irreplaceable habitat for aquatic and riparian species and supports our homes, farms, industries, and energy production. Yet population pressures, land uses, and rapid climate change combine to seriously threaten these waters and the resilience of watersheds in most places. Forest land managers are expected to anticipate and respond to these threats and steward forested watersheds to ensure the sustained protection and provision of water and the services it provides. Contents of this report: (1) Intro.; (2) Background: Forests and Water; Climate Change: Hydrologic Responses and Ecosystem Services; (3) Moving Forward: Think; Collaborate; Act; (4) Closing; (5) Examples of Watershed Stewardship. Illus.
Author: Peter James Dennedy-Frank Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Globally, more than 700 million people live in watersheds with a degraded ability to provide hydrologic ecosystem (hydro-eco) services, such as improved water yield and moderation of peak and dry-season river flows. Restoring pre-development land cover to provide hydro-eco services has become a major driver of conservation. This dissertation investigates the hydrologic response to land-cover change in high-resolution hydrologic models of 32 watersheds spanning six continents and diverse climate zones. The watershed site models are used to explore streamflow changes for scenarios of land-cover restoration to a pre-development state, as well as land-cover development to agricultural or urban conditions. The site models are used to simulate land-cover change of 10% of watershed area, which is larger than the area typically selected for hydro-eco service investment. On average the magnitude of annual average water yield, low flow, and high flow are reduced 1-3% under restoration. The magnitude is similar but the direction reversed for development to agricultural or urban conditions. Focusing on restoration, results show that groups of watersheds have similar streamflow response characteristics to land cover-change despite the limited response magnitude. The groups are identified using a graph-connectedness approach based on the sign correlation of changes in 26 streamflow index values. Watersheds fall into three clusters characterized by their hydrologic responses to land-cover change: 1) low-flow intensifying, 2) high-flow intensifying, and 3) high-flow enhancing. Non-parametric hypothesis testing is used to identify which particular streamflow indices, watershed features, and pre-restoration flow features are characteristic of watersheds in the respective clusters. Under restoration, sites in the low-flow intensifying cluster exhibit an increase in low flow and a decrease in high flow. Sites in the high-flow intensifying cluster show high flow increases (relative to each site's median flow) and low flow decreases. The high-flow enhancing cluster behaves like the high-flow intensifying cluster, but has smaller reductions in low flows. Soil characteristics in the sites are distinct across clusters. Watersheds with smaller soil depths and available soil water content fall into the low-flow intensifying cluster, and these soil characteristics are statistically different from those of sites in the high-flow enhancing and intensifying clusters. After restoration, the low-flow intensifying watersheds typically exhibit greater infiltration and shift water to the low-flow regime. This flowvi regulating behavior is a desired effect of watershed restoration. In contrast, high-flow intensifying watersheds exhibit increased transpiration that reduces low flow. Such behavior is detrimental to regions with limited water availability. This study uses local hydrologic site models in a broad range of conditions to better understand how landcover changes affect hydrologic response and under what conditions such changes might enhance hydro-eco services. Results contribute useful guidance about the generally limited effects of land-cover change on water yield. This work also provides useful understanding about key watershed characteristics that affect streamflow responses to restoration.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Runoff Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
This purpose of this publication is to gather the outstanding research bearing on the subject of water-flow retardation and place it between one set of covers, discarding the reports on which subsequent research with improved techniques has cast doubt, or in which subsequent research with improved techniques has cast doubt, or in which conclusions were too broadly drawn or results given too wide an application.
Author: Fabian Nippgen
Author: Fabian Nippgen
Author: Katherine J. Chase
Author: Leslie M. Reid
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Author: Mark S. Wigmosta
Author: Michael J. Furniss
Author: Peter James Dennedy-Frank
Author: 
Author: Aubrey L. Sharp
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