Author: Thomas John SauerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
The Effect of Tillage System on Runoff Losses of Surface-applied Pesticides
Author: Thomas John SauerEffect of Tillage Systems on Runoff Losses of Pesticides
Author: Iowa State Water Resources Research InstitutePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pesticide residues in food
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
Effects of Tillage System, Crop Residue Level, and Fertilizer Application Technique on Losses of Phosphorus and Pesticides from Agricultural Lands
Author: Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality
Author: Terry J LoganPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351088521
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399
Book Description
Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.
Pesticide Use in the Lake Erie Basin and the Impact of Accelerated Conservation Tillage on Pesticide Use and Runoff Losses
Author: Terry J. LoganPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Book Description
A major shift from conventional tillage to conservation tillage will be required to reduce soil loss and diffuse sources of phosphorus in the Lake Erie drainage basin. This shift will require some changes in the kinds and amounts of pesticides used and may change the losses of these compounds in runoff. Alachlor, atrazine and butylate account for about 77% of the herbicide used in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, and carbofuran, fonofos and terbufos represent about 86% of the insecticide use. Most of the pesticides in use in the basin today are relatively nonpersistent and have low mammalian and fish toxicities. A major shift to conservation tillage will increase use of paraquat and glyphosate herbicides and reduce the use of soil-incorporated materials such as butylate and trifluralin. About 1% of applied pesticide is lost in runoff, much of it in the first event after the compound is applied. Pesticide losses are reduced with increased surface cover, but this effect decreases with pesticides that are water-soluble and have only moderate to low affinity for soil particles. Losses of pesticides from agricultural land in the Lake Erie basin are not expected to measurably change with a shift to conservation tillage. (Author).
Movement of Pesticides and Nutrients with Water and Sediment as Affected by Tillage Practices
Author: J. L. BakerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
Effect of Tillage Systems on Pesticide Runoff Losses
Author: T. C. DanielPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conservation tillage
Languages : en
Pages : 7
Book Description
Situation and Outlook Report
Author: The Effect of Soil Quality on Field Scale Runoff Under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems:
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 125
Book Description
Describes a study that examined soil quality, agricultural runoff quality, and groundwater quality under conventional and conservation tillage systems in the Kettle Creek watershed, southern Ontario. The study, conducted over two growing seasons, focused on field-scale processes, with the primary objective of examining the transport and fate of nutrients (primarily nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus) and metolachlor, a commonly used herbicide, under the two tillage systems. A number of crop production parameters were monitored during the study, including type of crop grown, tillage practice, quantity and types of fertilizers and pesticides applied, crop yield, and soil surface crop residue coverage. Monitoring & sampling results are presented with regard to meteorology, soils, soil residues, groundwater, and surface water. Discussion is included on crop yields, soil quality, and water quality under the two tillage management systems.
Pesticides in the Soil Environment
Author: Hwei-Hsien ChengPublisher:
ISBN: 9780891187912
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Pesticides in the soil environment - an overview. Pesticide sources to the soil and principles of spray physics. The retention processes: mechanisms. Sorption estimates for modeling. Abiotic transformations in water, sediments, and soil. Biological transformation processes of pesticides. Volatilization and vapor transport processes. Organic chemical transport to Groundwater. Movement of pesticides into surface waters. Modeling pesticide fate in soils. Efficacy of soil-applied pesticides. Impact of pesticides on the environment. Risk/benefit and regulations. Chemical index.