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Author: Rui S. Benfica Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
This paper analyses the channels through which growth reduces poverty by evaluating the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty.Unlike previous studies, that use single country or multi-country cross-sectional data, the analysis pioneers the use of cross-country panel data to address this issue. Findings show that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth.The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. The effects of non-agricultural productivity on urban poverty are not sensitive to initial conditions.Moreover, results suggests that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e., structural transformation) seems to reduce rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development.
Author: Rui S. Benfica Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
This paper analyses the channels through which growth reduces poverty by evaluating the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty.Unlike previous studies, that use single country or multi-country cross-sectional data, the analysis pioneers the use of cross-country panel data to address this issue. Findings show that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth.The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. The effects of non-agricultural productivity on urban poverty are not sensitive to initial conditions.Moreover, results suggests that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e., structural transformation) seems to reduce rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development.
Author: Rui S. Benfica Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
We examine the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty. To this end, we use a new cross-country panel dataset consisting of 146 rural and urban poverty “spells” for 70 low- and middle-income countries. We find that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth. The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. We also find that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e. structural transformation) reduces rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development. These findings are robust to changes in key assumptions, including using alternative poverty lines. Finally, we use our estimates to examine the historical contribution of different sources of economic growth to rural and urban poverty reduction across regions.
Author: Norman Loayza Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Developing countries Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then in presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributuons from labor-intensive sectors (such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author: Jody Gordon Publisher: Scientific e-Resources ISBN: 1839472138 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The history of economic development of countries show that there have been countless examples of institutional agencies that have played pivotal role in fulfilling certain developmental activities. Cooperation as an institution is used in various countries as instrument of economic growth. The economic performance of rural regions around the world is lagging, despite efforts by governments and local leaders to address the problem. Rural economic development should focus on the unique strengths of each area, rather than concentrating on ameliorating generic weaknesses. Rural economic development should address and harness the efficient spatial distribution of economic activity rather than attempt to replicate urban economies. Rural development aims at improving rural people's livelihoods in an equitable and sustainable manner, both socially and environmentally, through better access to assets and services, and control over productive capital that enable them to improve their livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable basis. It is certain that the valuable contributions, views and suggestions of the researchers will be of immense help to the future researchers, policy-makers, administrators and social thinkers in solving the problem of poverty, unemployment and to achieve economic development of the country as well as the state, especially in rural sector, renewing the existing employment generating programmes. The objective underlying the publication of this book is, therefore, to attract the attention of those interested in, and concerned with, the growth and progress of agricultural sector in our country.
Author: Ms. Valerie Cerra Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513572660 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author: Norman V. Loayza Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth itself. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then, it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes, first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and, second, the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from unskilled labor-intensive sectors (agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, endogeneity concerns, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author: Mr.Mahmood Hasan Khan Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781589060067 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
Reviews causes of poverty in rural areas and presents a policy framework for reducing rural poverty, including through land reform, public works programs, access to credit, physical and social infrastructure, subsidies, and transfer of technology. Identifies key elements for drafting a policy to reduce rural poverty.
Author: Shaohua Chen Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : China Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
"While the incidence of extreme poverty in China fell dramatically over 1980-2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. The pattern of growth mattered. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth. Agriculture played a far more important role than the secondary or tertiary sources of GDP. Rising inequality within the rural sector greatly slowed poverty reduction. Provinces starting with relatively high inequality saw slower progress against poverty, due both to lower growth and a lower growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Taxation of farmers and inflation hurt the poor. External trade had little short-term impact. This paper a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the causes of country success in poverty reduction"--World Bank web site.
Author: Timothy Besley Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821365169 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
Economic growth is the most important determinant of poverty reduction. But countries with similar rates of growth can experience different poverty reduction rates.
Author: Rui S. Benfica
Author: Rui S. Benfica
Author: Rui S. Benfica
Author: Norman Loayza
Author: Jody Gordon
Author: Peter G. Warr
Author: Ms. Valerie Cerra
Author: Norman V. Loayza
Author: Mr.Mahmood Hasan Khan
Author: Shaohua Chen
Author: Timothy Besley