Author: Philip E. Shuler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
The usefulness of preplant nitrogen (N) in establishing alfalfa in colder production areas has not been well characterized. This study was conducted to determine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield, percent N derived from biological nitrogen fixation (PBNF), and shoot N concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Vernema'. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at Powell Butte, OR, to determine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 kg ha−1) on yield and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. Growth chamber experiments were conducted from 1989 through 1991 to examine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg ha−1) and three day/ - night soil temperatures (18/12°C, 24/16°C, 27/21°C) on yield, PBNF, and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. In field experiments, preplant N had no effect on shoot N concentration in either year. In 1987 there was no effect of preplant N on dry matter yield. Application of 20-40 kg N ha−1 preplant N increased dry matter yield in 1988. In growth chamber experiments, the highest rate of dry matter accumulation occurred at a soil temperature of 24/16°C. At 18/12°C and 24/16°C, 40 kg ha−1 preplant N resulted in increased shoot and root dry matter yield. At 18/12°C, 80 kg ha-1 preplant N increased PBNF 14% relative to the zero N control. There was no effect of preplant N on PBNF in plants grown at 24/16°C and 27/- 21°C. The rates of shoot N accumulation were similar at 18/12°C and 24/16°C, and were higher than at 27/21°C. Shoot N concentration was not affected by preplant N treatments. The use of 20-40 kg ha−1 preplant N may result in increased yield without decreasing PBNF when: 1) soil temperature remains below 15°C for at least two weeks after planting, and 2) soil nitrate level is less than 16 mg kg−1. Proper assessment of the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment requires a careful consideration of both soil temperature and soil N availability.
The Effect of Preplant Nitrogen Fertilization and Soil Temperature on Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)
Author: Philip E. Shuler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
The usefulness of preplant nitrogen (N) in establishing alfalfa in colder production areas has not been well characterized. This study was conducted to determine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield, percent N derived from biological nitrogen fixation (PBNF), and shoot N concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Vernema'. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at Powell Butte, OR, to determine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 kg ha−1) on yield and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. Growth chamber experiments were conducted from 1989 through 1991 to examine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg ha−1) and three day/ - night soil temperatures (18/12°C, 24/16°C, 27/21°C) on yield, PBNF, and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. In field experiments, preplant N had no effect on shoot N concentration in either year. In 1987 there was no effect of preplant N on dry matter yield. Application of 20-40 kg N ha−1 preplant N increased dry matter yield in 1988. In growth chamber experiments, the highest rate of dry matter accumulation occurred at a soil temperature of 24/16°C. At 18/12°C and 24/16°C, 40 kg ha−1 preplant N resulted in increased shoot and root dry matter yield. At 18/12°C, 80 kg ha-1 preplant N increased PBNF 14% relative to the zero N control. There was no effect of preplant N on PBNF in plants grown at 24/16°C and 27/- 21°C. The rates of shoot N accumulation were similar at 18/12°C and 24/16°C, and were higher than at 27/21°C. Shoot N concentration was not affected by preplant N treatments. The use of 20-40 kg ha−1 preplant N may result in increased yield without decreasing PBNF when: 1) soil temperature remains below 15°C for at least two weeks after planting, and 2) soil nitrate level is less than 16 mg kg−1. Proper assessment of the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment requires a careful consideration of both soil temperature and soil N availability.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
The usefulness of preplant nitrogen (N) in establishing alfalfa in colder production areas has not been well characterized. This study was conducted to determine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield, percent N derived from biological nitrogen fixation (PBNF), and shoot N concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Vernema'. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at Powell Butte, OR, to determine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 kg ha−1) on yield and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. Growth chamber experiments were conducted from 1989 through 1991 to examine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg ha−1) and three day/ - night soil temperatures (18/12°C, 24/16°C, 27/21°C) on yield, PBNF, and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. In field experiments, preplant N had no effect on shoot N concentration in either year. In 1987 there was no effect of preplant N on dry matter yield. Application of 20-40 kg N ha−1 preplant N increased dry matter yield in 1988. In growth chamber experiments, the highest rate of dry matter accumulation occurred at a soil temperature of 24/16°C. At 18/12°C and 24/16°C, 40 kg ha−1 preplant N resulted in increased shoot and root dry matter yield. At 18/12°C, 80 kg ha-1 preplant N increased PBNF 14% relative to the zero N control. There was no effect of preplant N on PBNF in plants grown at 24/16°C and 27/- 21°C. The rates of shoot N accumulation were similar at 18/12°C and 24/16°C, and were higher than at 27/21°C. Shoot N concentration was not affected by preplant N treatments. The use of 20-40 kg ha−1 preplant N may result in increased yield without decreasing PBNF when: 1) soil temperature remains below 15°C for at least two weeks after planting, and 2) soil nitrate level is less than 16 mg kg−1. Proper assessment of the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment requires a careful consideration of both soil temperature and soil N availability.
Dissertation Abstracts International
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 830
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 830
Book Description
Journal of Production Agriculture
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 636
Book Description
Production-oriented information for professional agriculturists.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 636
Book Description
Production-oriented information for professional agriculturists.
American Doctoral Dissertations
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 724
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 724
Book Description
Biological & Agricultural Index
Agrindex
Bibliography of Agriculture
Influence of Temperature, Nitrogen, and Potassium on Growth Measures, Herbage and Protein Yields, Concentrations of Nitrogenous Fractions, Minerals, and Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)
Nitrogen Nutrition of Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)
Author: Bertrand D. Eardly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
Nitrogen fertilization of seedling legumes is a controversial practice intended to provide N to the plant during periods when seed N, soil N, and N2 fixation may not meet plant requirements; eg. prenodulation, postharvest, or in the event of an inoculation failure. Field experiments were conducted in 3 consecutive years (1980, 1981, and 1982) on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) containing low soil N to evaluate the effect of 9 rates of NH4 NO3 -N (0-224 kg N ha−1) on nodulation, acetylene reduction (AR), percentage herbage N, percentage nitrate N, and dry matter yield of seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Apollo'). The R. meliloti at the field site were found to be ineffective at N2 fixation, thus an inoculation treatment was added in 1982 by the use of a split-block design. The response of the variables to applied N was evaluated at 10 weeks, and over a postharvest time course. At ten weeks after planting, only the uninoculated, ineffectively nodulated plants exhibited increased herbage yield and %N in response to the applied N. All rates of N fertilization decreased nodulation and AR in a curvilinear response, regardless of rhizobial effectiveness. The applied NH4NO3 continued to decrease AR and nodulation of seedlings through the third week after the initial harvest. Acetylene reduction activity of control plants dropped to 68% of preharvest levels at 2 to 4 days postharvest, then recovered during the next 4 weeks. Herbage nitrate N was increased in one year out of three. Dry matter yield and total herbage N of uninoculated plants were increased during the initial growing season, and unaffected the following spring. Since the inoculated plants showed little response to the N rates, except for decreased N2 fixation, it was concluded that during establishment, managerial emphasis should be placed on inoculation rather than N fertilization to obtain a consistent source of N for herbage protein. An ancillary investigation was conducted to characterize native Rhizobium taken from uninoculated, ineffectively nodulated, M. sativa nodules. Results suggested that Phaseolus vulgaris L. may be an alternate host for the native Rhizobium. Agricultural implications of this finding were discussed.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
Nitrogen fertilization of seedling legumes is a controversial practice intended to provide N to the plant during periods when seed N, soil N, and N2 fixation may not meet plant requirements; eg. prenodulation, postharvest, or in the event of an inoculation failure. Field experiments were conducted in 3 consecutive years (1980, 1981, and 1982) on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) containing low soil N to evaluate the effect of 9 rates of NH4 NO3 -N (0-224 kg N ha−1) on nodulation, acetylene reduction (AR), percentage herbage N, percentage nitrate N, and dry matter yield of seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Apollo'). The R. meliloti at the field site were found to be ineffective at N2 fixation, thus an inoculation treatment was added in 1982 by the use of a split-block design. The response of the variables to applied N was evaluated at 10 weeks, and over a postharvest time course. At ten weeks after planting, only the uninoculated, ineffectively nodulated plants exhibited increased herbage yield and %N in response to the applied N. All rates of N fertilization decreased nodulation and AR in a curvilinear response, regardless of rhizobial effectiveness. The applied NH4NO3 continued to decrease AR and nodulation of seedlings through the third week after the initial harvest. Acetylene reduction activity of control plants dropped to 68% of preharvest levels at 2 to 4 days postharvest, then recovered during the next 4 weeks. Herbage nitrate N was increased in one year out of three. Dry matter yield and total herbage N of uninoculated plants were increased during the initial growing season, and unaffected the following spring. Since the inoculated plants showed little response to the N rates, except for decreased N2 fixation, it was concluded that during establishment, managerial emphasis should be placed on inoculation rather than N fertilization to obtain a consistent source of N for herbage protein. An ancillary investigation was conducted to characterize native Rhizobium taken from uninoculated, ineffectively nodulated, M. sativa nodules. Results suggested that Phaseolus vulgaris L. may be an alternate host for the native Rhizobium. Agricultural implications of this finding were discussed.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield and Protein Content of Alfalfa and Companion Crops
Author: Clarence Ralph Carter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description