![The Effect of Hydrocarbon Structure on Nickel Catalyst Deactivation in Stream [sic] Reforming of Hexane and Benzene PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/bl3JnQAACAAJ?fife=w150-h200)
Author: Kyungsoo KimPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
Book Description
The Effect of Hydrocarbon Structure on Nickel Catalyst Deactivation in Stream [sic] Reforming of Hexane and Benzene
![The Effect of Hydrocarbon Structure on Nickel Catalyst Deactivation in Stream [sic] Reforming of Hexane and Benzene PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/bl3JnQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Kyungsoo KimHydrogenation with Reduced Nickel Salts as Catalysts
Author: Robert Morton FoughtDeactivation and Testing of Hydrocarbon-processing Catalysts
Author: Paul O'ConnorPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
Drawn from a symposium of the 210th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in Chicago in August 1995, this volume is meant to serve as a practical reference focusing on testing for the main hydrocarbon-conversion processes applied in oil refineries: catalytic cracking, hydroprocessing, and reforming. The volume contains 31 contributions divided into the following categories: an overview, catalyst deactivation by coke, deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts, deactivation of reforming catalysts, deactivation of hydroprocessing catalysts, testing of catalyst performance, and modeling of catalyst performance. Amply illustrated with bandw diagrams. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Controlling Carbon Deposition in Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons Over an Unsupported Nickel Catalyst
Author: Kayla HarndenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Products of steam reforming reactions were investigated, of hydrocarbons, ranging from methane to butane, over an unsupported nickel catalyst at high temperatures. The products included gaseous hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and solid carbon. Carbon deposition was a major problem because carbon binds to the nickel sites, resulting in catalytic deactivation. Carbon deposition is more favoured at lower temperatures, lower steam: carbon ratios and longer hydrocarbon chain lengths. Carbon deposits were determined to occur at a faster rate than the removal of carbon through the Boudouard reaction at temperatures of 700°C and steam: carbon ratios of 1:1. Limiting carbon deposition was critical in order to maximize the catalyst activity. Treatment of the catalyst with butanethiol as a protecting agent was incorporated due to high binding affinity of sulfur to a metal surface, where the carbon deposition was significantly reduced as a result.
A Study of Some Nickel Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Sixteen Organic Compounds
Author: Robert Bethel ReynoldsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Book Description
Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts
Author: Jorge AncheytaPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118769813
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Written by a scientist and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the field, this serves as a complete guide to catalyst activity loss during the hydroprocessing of heavy oils. Explores the physical and chemical properties of heavy oils and hydroprocessing catalysts; the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation; catalyst characterization by a variety of techniques and reaction conditions; laboratory and commercial information for model validations; and more Demonstrates how to develop correlations and models for a variety of reaction scales with step-by-step descriptions and detailed experimental data Contains important implications for increasing operational efficiencies within the petroleum industry An essential reference for professionals and researchers working in the refining industry as well as students taking courses on chemical reaction engineering
Steam-reforming of Hydrocarbons Over Nickel Catalysts
Author: Asghar Zeini-IsfahaniPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 247
Book Description
The object of this thesis was to gain a greater understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic steam reforming of methane and higher hydrocarbons and of related reactions (methanation and water-gas shift)......
Liquid Hydrocarbon Reforming Using Nickel-Base Catalysts
Author: Benjamin D. GouldThe Hydrogenation of Cyclohexene by Supported Nickel Catalysts
Author: Carol McLellan McConicaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cyclohexene
Languages : en
Pages : 410
Book Description
Deactivation of PtH-ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalysts by Coke Formation During Benzene Alkylation with Ethane
Author: Li M. ChuaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The alkylation of benzene with ethane was studied at 370 oC over two Pt-containing ZSM-5 catalysts with SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 30 and 80. While the benzene and ethane conversion decreased with time-on-stream for the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst, the PtH-ZSM-5(80) catalyst demonstrated a stable performance. The deactivation of the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst was found to be more significant, when compared to the PtH-ZSM-5(80) catalyst as a result of differences in the formation of coke. Results from gas sorption and x-ray diffraction experiments showed that coke is preferentially formed within the channel segments of the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst as opposed to coke deposition on the outside surface of the PtH-ZSM-5(80) crystallites, subsequently blocking entrance to the zeolite channels. The location of the coke deposition was found to affect the product selectivity of the two PtH-ZSM-5 catalysts. The accessibility functions, derived from nitrogen and argon sorption data, suggested that, with prolonged time-on-stream, the coke molecules build up from the middle of the zeolite crystallites outwards towards the surface, as the reaction was carried out over the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst. Partial blockage of the internal pore structure of the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst decreased the diffusion length within the crystallites. In contrast to the typical effect of coking, where the selectivity of para- isomers would be enhanced with coke deposition, the effect of the reduction in the diffusion length of the PtH-ZSM-5(30) crystallites is consistent with the decreasing para-selectivity of the diethylbenzene (DEB) isomers with time-on-stream. n investigation of the causes of coke locations was conducted, and the results suggested that, the spatial distribution of Pt metal was responsible for the different locations of coke observed. Surface reactions initiated coking in the intercrystalline region of the PtH-ZSM-5(80) catalyst, as the Pt particles on the surface of the PtH-ZSM-5(80) crystallites increased the difficulty of access for reactants to the interior of the crystallites. Within the PtH-ZSM-5(30) catalyst, ethane dehydrogenation and benzene alkylation took place in the micropore network as a result of preferential intracrystalline deposition of Pt metal. Further conversions on the active sites within the PtH-ZSM-5(30) crystallites thus lead intracrystalline coking.