Author: Steven Edward BrucePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Teenagers
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
The Effect of Exposure to Community Violence on Urban Adolescents
Author: Steven Edward BrucePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Teenagers
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
Exposure to Community Violence Among Urban Adolescents
Author: Steven Edward BruceAntisocial Behaviour and Conduct Disorders in Children and Young People
Author: National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain)Publisher: RCPsych Publications
ISBN: 9781908020611
Category : Antisocial personality disorders
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders are the most common reason for referral to child and adolescent mental health services and have a significant impact on the quality of life of children and young people and their parents and carers. Rates of other mental health problems (including antisocial personality disorder) are considerably increased for adults who had a conduct disorder in childhood. This new NICE guideline seeks to address these problems by offering advice on prevention strategies and a range of psychosocial interventions.It reviews the evidence across the care pathway, encompassing access to and delivery of services, experience of care, selective prevention interventions, case identification and assessment, psychological and psychosocial indicated prevention and treatment interventions, and pharmacological and physical interventions.Readership: Intended for healthcare professionals in CAMHS, but this will also be useful to professionals in primary care (as there is much emphasis on recognition).
Violence in Context
Author: Todd I. HerrenkohlPublisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195369599
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Book Description
Edited by four leading violence researchers, this book takes a systemic view, offering a critical appraisal of research and theory that focuses on violence in youth, families, and communities.
The Role of Crime, Community Violence Exposure, and Perceived Neighbhorhood Violence in the Development of Conduct Problems Among African American Youth
Author: Nicole L. CammackPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American youth
Languages : en
Pages : 88
Book Description
African American youth are disproportionately located in neighborhoods characterized by crime and are at an increased risk for exposure to community violence and perceiving their neighborhoods to be violent. Each of these three experiences with violence has been linked with conduct problems. However, methodological problems in the existing literature limit our ability to understand whether these three types of violence differentially affect the development of adolescent conduct problems and if so, what the relative effects of these experiences with violence are. In addition, research has not examined whether the more proximal experiences with violence (i.e., community violence exposure and perceived neighborhood violence) are more useful for explaining the development of conduct problems that more distal experiences such as neighborhood crime. To address these issues, the present study examined whether neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence differentially predicted youth conduct problems. Participants were an epidemiologically-defined community sample of 585 African American adolescents (53.2% male) assessed at regular intervals from elementary school through adolescence. Results revealed that each experience with violence was differentially associated with youth conduct problems, with varied effects for males and females. Understanding the effects of neighborhood crime, community violence exposure, and perceived neighborhood violence on the development of conduct problems is an initial step in the development of contextually-relevant interventions to promote healthy developmental outcomes in urban adolescents.
The Effects of Violence Exposure on Inner-city Youth and Moderating Factors Associated with Coping Practices
Author: Douglas J. TroopChild Delinquents
Author: Rolf LoeberPublisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761924005
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 532
Book Description
Between 1980 and 1996 the number of arrests has increased considerably for offenders ages 12 and under. This increase is a cost to society in two ways: the cost of the crime and the cost of multiple agencies involved with these children. Several questions have developed due to this increase: How does the juvenile justice system deal with child delinquents? Is child delinquency a predictor of serious, violent, and chronic offending? How early can we predict delinquency, and what are early warning signs? In an effort to develop answers for these questions and many more, editors Rolf Loeber and David Farrington organized a study group on Very Young offenders comprising 39 experts on juvenile delinquency and child problem behavior. Over a two-year period of intense and collaborative work these individuals have produced the book Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Presenting empirically derived insights, Child Delinquents is the definitive statement to date on the working knowledge of prevalence, development, risk and protective factors, and optimal intervention with preteen offenders. This book is an excellent source for a broad audience of researchers, scholars, psychiatry, and practitioners at the administrative level.
Exposure to Community Violence and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in a Sample of Low-income Urban Youth
Author: Jeremy Jay TaylorPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adolescence
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Intro: The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of increased risk for psychological problems (e.g. Keiley, & Martin, 2002). Exposure to community violence, may impact the degree to which psychological problems emerge during adolescence (Grant et al., 2004). Previous research also indicates that low-income urban youth are disproportionately exposed to severe community violence, leaving them at higher risk to experience psychopathology (Grant et al., 2004). However, recent longitudinal research suggests that this elevated risk may decline throughout the adolescent years (Murphy et al., 2000) especially for internalizing problems (J. Twenge & S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 2002). The current research hypothesizes that youth that are exposed to high rates of severe community violence that increase with age, may view internalizing behaviors leaving them vulnerable to further victimization (Guerra et al., 2003, Ng-Mak et al., 2002). To protect themselves, youth most exposed may avoid expressing internalizing distress, instead becoming more likely to externalize. Methods: The current study used multi-group growth curve models to examine the trajectories of internalizing problems and externalizing problems, respectively, comparing low-income urban youth in high and low exposure to violence groups. Symptoms were measured using broadband scales of psychopathology from Achenbach's Youth Self-Report and Child Behavioral Checklist (2001). Exposure to Community Violence was measured using Exposure to Violence Survey--Screening Version (Martinez & Richters, 1993). Results & Discussion: Results support the extant literature that indicates that low-income urban youth are at heightened risk for psychological problems. At wave 1, youth in our sample were more than twice as likely to report internalizing problems (33%) in the clinical range, compared to normative youth (16%). Risk of exhibiting externalizing behaviors was also elevated, with 20% of the sample scoring in the clinical range. Exposure to community violence, in particular, was also supported as a risk factor for psychological problems, as the high group demonstrated more of both types of psychopathology than the low group (as demonstrated by significant differences in intercept in the growth model). Comparison of trajectories (slopes) indicated that both internalizing and externalizing problems declined over time, a finding that was only partially supportive of our hypothesis. Additionally, negative trajectories for both outcomes were found in both the low and high exposure to violence groups, although the decline in internalizing problems was of greater magnitude for the high exposure to violence group, compared to the low group. No between-group differences in slope were found for externalizing problems. Results provide some support for the theory that youth that are exposed to rates of severe community violence that increase with age may avoid expressions of internalizing problems. However, clear support was not found for the hypothesis that these youth turn to externalizing behaviors as an alternative way of expressing psychological distress. Alternative hypotheses and explanations for our findings are discussed. Robust differences in findings were also found by reporter and are discussed.
Stories of Violence
Author: Monique Vulin ReynoldsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Youth
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
Exposure to community violence is a pervasive problem among urban youth and has been associated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders. The mechanisms through which exposure to community violence impacts adolescent adjustment are unclear. A change in adolescent schemas has been proposed as a mechanism through which the impact occurs. The goals of this study were to develop a measure of relevant adolescent schemas and examine their relation to exposure to community violence. A sample of 320 5th and 8th graders were assessed and confirmatory factor analyses of the measure supported a three factor model, including self-schemas, world schemas and use of violence schemas. Exposure to community violence, including victimization and witnessing violence, was associated with more negative adolescent schemas. Witnessing violence and victimization had distinct relations with schemas highlighting the need to examine these types of exposure independently. Overall, this study provides preliminary support for the importance of studying adolescent schemas within the context of community violence. The measure developed represents an initial step in this process given what is available in the literature. However, additional work on the measure is needed to ensure that it accurately samples the schema domains that are relevant for youth in this context.
Author: Emily June Ozer