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Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya ((Doctor of Philosophy, Harvard University, 2015)) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Developmental biology Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
How the size of an organ is established and altered during evolution is poorly understood. The ovary of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila serves as an interesting model for understanding organ size evolution, as the number of egg-producing structures called ovarioles determines the ovary's functional 'size'. Species with more ovarioles can lay more eggs, and ovariole number can evolve rapidly between closely related species. However, the developmental and genetic mechanisms that determine and alter ovariole number were poorly characterized at the beginning of this thesis. I first analyzed the developmental basis of plasticity and species-specific ovariole number changes in D. melanogaster and closely related species. This analysis revealed distinct developmental mechanisms that alter ovariole number via changes in one cell type (terminal filament cells) in the developing ovary. To characterize the genetic mechanisms underlying proliferation patterns and potential cell-type interactions within the ovary, I then studied the role of the Hippo pathway in the somatic and germ cells of D. melanogaster. I uncovered a complex interaction between somatic cells and germ line cells, where proportional growth of these cell types is maintained by the Hippo pathway via interactions with the EGFR and JAK/STAT pathways. Finally, I expanded this work to investigate the physical, ecological, and developmental parameters that influence ovariole number evolution in Hawaiian Drosophila, where previous studies suggested that ovariole number correlated with larval food substrate. I describe my ongoing efforts to test correlations of ecology and ovariole number in a phylogenetic context in Hawaiian Drosophila. Primary differences in ovariole number between species occur through changes in cell number.
Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya ((Doctor of Philosophy, Harvard University, 2015)) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Developmental biology Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
How the size of an organ is established and altered during evolution is poorly understood. The ovary of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila serves as an interesting model for understanding organ size evolution, as the number of egg-producing structures called ovarioles determines the ovary's functional 'size'. Species with more ovarioles can lay more eggs, and ovariole number can evolve rapidly between closely related species. However, the developmental and genetic mechanisms that determine and alter ovariole number were poorly characterized at the beginning of this thesis. I first analyzed the developmental basis of plasticity and species-specific ovariole number changes in D. melanogaster and closely related species. This analysis revealed distinct developmental mechanisms that alter ovariole number via changes in one cell type (terminal filament cells) in the developing ovary. To characterize the genetic mechanisms underlying proliferation patterns and potential cell-type interactions within the ovary, I then studied the role of the Hippo pathway in the somatic and germ cells of D. melanogaster. I uncovered a complex interaction between somatic cells and germ line cells, where proportional growth of these cell types is maintained by the Hippo pathway via interactions with the EGFR and JAK/STAT pathways. Finally, I expanded this work to investigate the physical, ecological, and developmental parameters that influence ovariole number evolution in Hawaiian Drosophila, where previous studies suggested that ovariole number correlated with larval food substrate. I describe my ongoing efforts to test correlations of ecology and ovariole number in a phylogenetic context in Hawaiian Drosophila. Primary differences in ovariole number between species occur through changes in cell number.
Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
How the size of an organ is established and altered during evolution is poorly understood. The ovary of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila serves as an interesting model for understanding organ size evolution, as the number of egg-producing structures called ovarioles determines the ovary's functional 'size'. Species with more ovarioles can lay more eggs, and ovariole number can evolve rapidly between closely related species. However, the developmental and genetic mechanisms that determine and alter ovariole number were poorly characterized at the beginning of this thesis. I first analyzed the developmental basis of plasticity and species-specific ovariole number changes in D. melanogaster and closely related species. This analysis revealed distinct developmental mechanisms that alter ovariole number via changes in one cell type (terminal filament cells) in the developing ovary. To characterize the genetic mechanisms underlying proliferation patterns and potential cell-type interactions within the ovary, I then studied the role of the Hippo pathway in the somatic and germ cells of D. melanogaster. I uncovered a complex interaction between somatic cells and germ line cells, where proportional growth of these cell types is maintained by the Hippo pathway via interactions with the EGFR and JAK/STAT pathways. Finally, I expanded this work to investigate the physical, ecological, and developmental parameters that influence ovariole number evolution in Hawaiian Drosophila, where previous studies suggested that ovariole number correlated with larval food substrate. I describe my ongoing efforts to test correlations of ecology and ovariole number in a phylogenetic context in Hawaiian Drosophila. Primary differences in ovariole number between species occur through changes in cell number.
Author: Thomas J. Givnish Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521779296 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 652
Book Description
This volume surveys advances in the study of adaptive radiation showing how molecular characters can be used to analyze the origin and pattern of diversification within a lineage in a non-circular fashion.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309132975 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Author: Andrea Dunaif Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1597451088 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
This volume includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS and comprises the most up-to-date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. It critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. The book also discusses additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis. All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS.
Author: Scott S. Pitnick Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080919871 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 683
Book Description
Sperm Biology represents the first analysis of the evolutionary significance of sperm phenotypes and derived sperm traits and the possible selection pressures responsible for sperm-egg coevolution. An understanding of sperm evolution is fast developing and promises to shed light on many topics from basic reproductive biology to the evolutionary process itself as well as the sperm proteome, the sperm genome and the quantitative genetics of sperm. The Editors have identified 15 topics of current interest and biological significance to cover all aspects of this bizarre, fascinating and important subject. It comprises the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the evolution of sperm and pointers for future research, written by experts in both sperm biology and evolutionary biology. The combination of evolution and sperm is a potent mix, and this is the definitive account. The first review survey of this emerging field Written by experts from a broad array of disciplines from the physiological and biomedical to the ecological and evolutionary Sheds light on the intricacies of reproduction and the coevolution of sperm, egg and reproductive behavior
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309171806 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Author: Mary Jane West-Eberhard Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780195122350 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 820
Book Description
West-Eberhard is widely recognized as one of the most incisive thinkers in evolutionary biology. This book assesses all the evidence for our current understanding of the role of changes in body plan and development for the process of speciation. The process of evolution is systematically reassessed to integrate the insights coming from developmental genetics. Every serious student of evolution, and a substantial share of developmental biologists and geneticists, will need to take note of this contribution. The timing is clearly ripe for the synthesis that this work will help bring about.
Author: Jürgen Büning Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401107416 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
This book will give an overview of insect ovaries, showing the diversities and the common traits in egg growth processes. The idea to write this book developed while looking at the flood of information which appeared in the early 1980s on early pattern formation in Drosophila embryos. At this time a significant breakthrough was made in studies of this little fly, combining molecular biological methods with classical and molecular genetics. The answers to questions about early pattern formation raised new questions about the architecture of ovaries and the growth of eggs within these ovaries. However, by concentrating only on Drosophila it is not possible to form an adequate picture of what is going on in insect ovaries, since the enormous diversity found among insects is not considered sufficiently. Almost forgotten, but the first to study the architecture of ovaries, was Alexander Brandt writing in 1878 in aber das Ei und seine Bildungsstaette (On the egg and its organ of development). More than 100 years later, a series of ten books or more would be required to survey all the serious informa tion we have today on insect oogenesis. Thus, this book is a personal selection and personal view on the theme, and the authors must be excused by all those scientists whose papers could not be included. The book briefly describes the ectodemes, i. e.
Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya ((Doctor of Philosophy, Harvard University, 2015))
Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya ((Doctor of Philosophy, Harvard University, 2015))
Author: Didem Pelin Sarikaya
Author: Thomas J. Givnish
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Nico Posnien
Author: Andrea Dunaif
Author: Scott S. Pitnick
Author: National Research Council
Author: Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Author: Jürgen Büning