Author: Gil Avnimelech Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relationship between corruption and productive entrepreneurship in general and whether it depends on countries' specific characteristics in particular.Design/methodology/approach - The authors used a unique data set of entrepreneurial activity within 176 countries, collected from the professional networking site LinkedIn. The authors used OLS regression to estimate the level of entrepreneurship. The main independent variable was the CPI score (Transparency International). In addition, two sub-samples were used, 70 less-developed countries and 34 OECD countries, and numerous control variables.Findings - The paper makes three important contributions to the field. First, it proposes worldwide empirical evidence that countries with high levels of corruption usually face low levels of productive entrepreneurship. Second, the paper suggests that the negative effect is much more significant in developed countries than in developing countries. Third, the paper explores whether the negative effect of corruption depends on country-specific economic characteristics.Research limitations/implications - While there is significant value in using LinkedIn data in entrepreneurship research, there are limitations to this database. Therefore, significant robustness tests were employed and further research, for instance using longitudinal LinkedIn data, could be valuable. Moreover, using different entrepreneurs' data sets might increase the validation of the results. Finally, further examination of the influence of corruption on different types of entrepreneurial activities and their interaction with different characteristics of the country is still required.Originality/value - The results stress the need to fight corruption not only in developing countries and suggests significant gains from anti-corruption efforts even and maybe especially in the western developed world.
Author: Farzana Chowdhury Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319649167 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This book examines the complex relationship between corruption and entrepreneurship in countries of varying levels of economic development. The authors explore the ways in which social welfare policies have changed in current economic and political environments as well as key challenges faced by the welfare policies. In addition, this book addresses three key questions with regard to the impact of corruption on institutions and social welfare: • Is corruption an additional burden in extensive regulatory environment on different types of entrepreneurship---necessity entrepreneurship, opportunity entrepreneurship, total entrepreneurial activity, self-employment, and newly registered firms? • Is corruption helpful for entrepreneurs who have aspiration to operate outside their home country border in highly regulated environment? • How does corruption affect income distribution generated through entrepreneurial activity? Entrepreneurship is an important factor for local and national economies as it generates employment and income that are crucial for economic development. Corruption can significantly influence the nature of decisions made by entrepreneurs, with profound effects on business creation, institutional development, and economic performance. For example, an entrepreneur with resources and networks might be able to influence the regulatory agencies to overlook violations, expedite permits, or bribe corrupt program administrators to violate the rules of distribution, exacerbating income inequality and obstructing economic growth and development. While corruption is not a new phenomenon, the current globalized economy has introduced trade into the corruption question as globalization puts pressure on countries to open borders to attract investments and gain a competitive advantage. However, many country level institutions do not always change as fast as the economic activity across borders, which can encourage corruption in order to bypass inefficient regulations and to successfully engage in entrepreneurship. The authors of the book examine this phenomenon. Featuring policy implications and case studies, this book will appeal to graduate students, academics, professionals, practitioners, and researchers in entrepreneurship, international business and public policy.
Author: Daniel Detzer Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3640658795 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, Berlin School of Economics (Global Governance), language: English, abstract: During the last decades, corruption became an important topic. About twenty years ago the issue started to gain increasing attention. Different Organization engage in the fight against corruption. This is a remarkable change compared to the situation before the 1990s. Back then, most people did not see it as a pressing problem. Actually, it was more seen as an integral part of doing business. Most European countries allowed for tax deductibility of bribes. Even the World Bank, not constricted by such national concerns, was avoiding the topic. The changed perception of corruption has manifold reasons. Foremost, the geopolitical situation changed remarkably. During the cold war, governments, despite their corruptness, were supported to make sure they were not joining the communist bloc. After the end of this ideological competition, the imperative to tolerate and not to address issues like corruption and abuse of political power ceased to exist. Last, but not less important, the USA, not constraint by geopolitical considerations, had economic interest to put the topic on the agenda. While for US-companies bribing abroad was forbidden, most other developed countries used graft to initiate business abroad. Therefore, the US had a special interest to push for anti-corruption laws to level the playing field for its companies. From a western normative and moral point of view this fight against corruption on the international level seems to be a desirable development. However, if those were the only reasons for this crusade, it could be misperceived as another example of the imposition of rules from the Global North on the Global South. Then again, if corruption has negative impacts, other than moral concerns, it would legitimize this movement. Prevailing corruption might influence the development and e
Author: J. Kornai Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230242170 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
With the aim of providing a comprehensive analysis of institutions, and of the global economy more generally, this volume explores systems of institutions and the effect of corruption, developments in behavioural economics, the impact of immigration, and the links between democratic progress and economic growth.
Author: Mark Robinson Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136322264 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
The problem of corruption is of central significance for the developmental prospects of poor countries. Corruption undermines development by siphoning off resources for infrastructures and public services and by weakening the legitimacy of the state. The volume will appeal to academics and policy-makers concerned with problems of governance and public management in developing countries, as well as specialists working on corruption and designing anti-corruption strategies.
Author: Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1466675349 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
Lauded as a driver of economic growth, entrepreneurship and small business ventures have become increasingly attractive to countries looking to boost employment rates, productivity, and innovation. The manifestation of entrepreneurship varies from country to country, and what works for one may not work for the next. Comparative Case Studies on Entrepreneurship in Developed and Developing Countries presents the challenges and opportunities that entrepreneurs in different countries face at various developmental stages. Through in-depth studies, this premier reference work seeks to provide examples of successful applications of an elusive concept that has helped many countries move up the developmental ladder, a topic relevant to researchers and academicians working in social and behavioral sciences, economists, and business professionals.
Author: Barbara Crutchfield George Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Within the last decade there has been a concerted effort from a number of sources to control the pervasive and persistent problem of corruption among the international business community. Corruption undermines democracy and development, fundamentally distorts public policy, discourages investment, leads to the misallocation of resources, discriminates against the poor, and destroys public confidence in democratic government. Despite the enhanced global awareness of the corrosive effects of corruption within the political, economic, and social spheres, there are as yet no clear, definitive indications that the occurrence of corruption has been reduced. A recent Gallup poll commissioned by Transparency International (TI) found that thirty-three percent of the 779 multinational executives surveyed believe that the problem of corruption in the business world is worsening. Commenting on the Gallup Poll survey, TI's Chairman, Peter Eigen, said “[t]he data provides a disturbing picture of the degree to which leading exporting countries are perceived to be using corrupt practices.” In a statement made in 1999, David Aaron, Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade, noted that “there is a huge amount of money at stake. Just last year, there have been allegations of foreign bribery in 55 contracts worth $37 billion.” Subsequent to the initial passage, in 1977, of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) there have been several significant developments, such as the adoption of the 1997 OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Convention) and the inception of active non-governmental organizations like Transparency International (TI). Despite these developments, current evidence of extensive business corruption shows that critical gaps still remain in the mechanisms used to fight corruption. Closing these gaps will require the heightened awareness of and increased cooperation among diverse entities. First, there must be a means to establish leverage over the public sector procurement process. Second, cultural attitudes toward corruption must be modified. Other necessary strategic components are grassroots initiatives within developing nations, which are the homes of many of the bribe-takers, to mobilize civil society and the private sector. Cooperation among all involved entities - government officials, legislatures, multilateral development institutions, industry, trade unions, and civil society in both developing and industrialized nations - will be necessary to eliminate global business corruption. In this paper the authors (1) discuss why the emerging global economy creates an environment that requires integrity in the marketplace; (2) demonstrate the inability of purely legislative measures to eradicate corruption; (3) summarize the nature and costs, both social and economic, of business corruption; (4) describe current anti-corruption initiatives by the industrialized nations; (5) review grassroots initiatives to combat corruption by non-governmental organizations; (6) analyze the role of multilateral development banks in tying aid to meeting anti-corruption requirements; (7) evaluate current anti-corruption agendas emanating from developing countries; and (8) recommend a strategy to unite the diverse entities necessary to a successful campaign against corruption. This article focuses primarly on business entities within industrialized countries who bribe government officials in developing nations, but corrupt acts also occur between business entities in industrialized countries and government officials in developed nations. However, corruption is not as common between companies in developing nations and the government officials in developed countries, presumably because their current economic relationship does not provide the opportunity.
Author: Benjamin Powell Publisher: Stanford Economics & Finance ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Making Poor Nations Rich illustrates the importance of institutions that support economic freedom and private property rights for promoting the form of productive entrepreneurship that leads to sustained increases in countries' standard of living.
Author: Gil Avnimelech
Author: Farzana Chowdhury
Author: Daniel Detzer
Author: J. Kornai
Author: Mark Robinson
Author: Pranab K. Bardhan
Author: Bonnie J. Palifka
Author: Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph
Author: Barbara Crutchfield George
Author: Benjamin Powell