Author: Kathryn A. ReynoldsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rats as laboratory animals
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Book Description
The Effect of a Zinc Deficiency and Alcohol Intake During Gestation in the Rat
Author: Kathryn A. ReynoldsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rats as laboratory animals
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Book Description
Effects of Zinc Deficiency During Gestation in the Rat
Author: Joellen Turbitt EichnerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Primary and Secondary Zinc Deficiency During Pregnancy in Rats
Author: Johnathan R. NuttallPublisher:
ISBN: 9781369202861
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation used a rat model to investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of primary and secondary zinc deficiency during pregnancy. The first chapter reviewed previous research that led to the hypothesis that marginal zinc deficiency disrupts ERK1/2 signaling leading to an impairment of fetal brain development. The second chapter used a rat model together with cell culture experiments to test the hypothesis that disruption of ERK signaling resulting from zinc deficiency leads to decreased neural progenitor cell proliferation. Results of this study suggested that zinc deficiency impaired the ERK1/2 signaling pathway leading to a decreased rate of neural progenitor cell proliferation through a mechanism involving activation of the ERK- directed phosphatase PP2A. Chapter three investigated the hypothesis that disruption of ERK1/2 signaling and NPC proliferation resulting from marginal zinc deficiency disrupts neurogenesis in the frontal cortex of the fetal rat brain. Results from this study suggest that disruption of ERK signaling resulting from marginal zinc deficiency led to an impairment of fetal neurogenesis. Disruption of fetal neurogenesis following marginal zinc deficiency during pregnancy resulted in decreased neuronal density in the mature frontal cortex of the rat brain following postnatal repletion with adequate zinc levels. Therefore, cortical malformations resulting from marginal zinc deficiency may contribute to the persistent effects on behavior following repletion with adequate dietary zinc levels. The fourth chapter covers previous literature on primary and secondary zinc deficiency during pregnancy. While preterm birth was identified as a major obstetric complication resulting from primary zinc deficiency, exposure to toxicants that induce secondary zinc deficiency during pregnancy was identified as a risk factor for preterm birth. In particular, maternal exposure to the endocrine disrupting phthalate plasticizer DEHP was highlighted as a risk factor for preterm birth that may act at least in part through the mechanism of a hepatic acute-phase response leading to secondary zinc deficiency. The fifth chapter investigated the interaction between maternal exposure to DEHP and marginal zinc deficiency to affect the hepatic acute-phase response, zinc homeostasis, and steroid hormone metabolism. Maternal DEHP exposure decreased maternal weight gain and led to zinc accumulation in liver of dams fed a diet containing an adequate level of zinc and this was associated with a hepatic acute-phase response. DEHP and marginal zinc deficiency caused several adverse effects on the maternal and fetal steroid profiles. There were interactions between DEHP exposure and marginal zinc nutrition, as well as effects specifically related to DEHP or marginal zinc deficiency. Together these studies stress the importance of adequate dietary zinc intake during pregnancy to support development of the nervous and endocrine systems.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Author: Institute of MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309072905
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 798
Book Description
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.
Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309051266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Book Description
In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Zinc Clinical and Biochemical Significance
Author: Stephen C. CunnanePublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351094718
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
In keeping with the etiology theme, it also became apparent that the clinical aspects needed to be strictly separated from the animal aspects of zinc metabolism, a separation that has never previously been attempted. Although this division, like the separation of primary from secondary zinc depletion, may be somewhat arbitrary, it is the author‘s impression that current knowledge of the truly clinical aspects of zinc metabolism is too often confused with its effects in animals. The two will frequently be similar, but not always. In this book, therefore, animal studies are considered in part 2 (Biochemistry. Only a handful of references to animal studies has been included in part 1 (Clinical). The purpose of this separation is to clearly distinguish animal from human, experimental from clinical. Too many of the animal studies have involved severe and prolonged zinc deficiency or other exaggerated nutritional conditions that cannot be realistically applied in the clinical setting. Furthermore, animal studies are mainly or primary (dietary) zinc depletion, whereas in humans, secondary zinc depletion is more prevalent and has a more diverse etiology.
Nutrition and Alcoholthe CRC Series in Physiology of Drug Abuse
Author: Ronald Ross WatsonPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849379338
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490
Book Description
Nutrition and Alcohol provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research data available on the effects of alcohol on the nutritional state of alcohol abusers. Data illustrating the combined effects of direct alcohol toxicity together with the ill effects of malnutrition on tissue damage are emphasized. The book is oriented toward clinicians and basic scientist-researchers.
Diet and Health
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765
Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Alcohol, Nutrition And the Nervous System
Author: Simone ParvezPublisher: VSP
ISBN: 9789067640503
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Book Description
Author: