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Author: Robin Pickering Publisher: ISBN: 9780542658556 Category : Postnatal care Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
These results indicate the need to develop strategies to reduce barriers for postpartum women to participate in social support group exercise programs in order to demonstrate the true benefits of these programs.
Author: Robin Pickering Publisher: ISBN: 9780542658556 Category : Postnatal care Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
These results indicate the need to develop strategies to reduce barriers for postpartum women to participate in social support group exercise programs in order to demonstrate the true benefits of these programs.
Author: Julianne Simpson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Employee health promotion Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
"An essential component to creating a successful worksite wellness program may be through the integration of social support. Research has shown that social support, when given in a group session can assist individual's participation in healthy behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect a social support/group exercise program has on exercise self-efficacy and exercise adherence in adults at the worksite. This sample of convenience consisted of 35 adults (4 males, 31 females) ages 28-59 years, with no pre-existing health problems or clearance from their physician. Participants were stratified into groups based on fitness level and sex. The control group participated in the program independently, while the intervention group attended a weekly 1-hour session including group exercise and social support in addition to the suggested program for the duration of 12-weeks. An individual's exercise self-efficacy was examined through the Exercise Confidence Survey and social support examined using the Social Support and Exercise Survey. Participants logged physical activity weekly using the program booklet. Physical activity logs were turned in using the 7-day activity recall questionnaire each week. A paired samples t-test was used to determine the differences between the means of the intervention and control groups from week 1 to week twelve examining exercise self-efficacy and social support. A repeated measures one-way ANOVA was used to examine hours spent in physical activity at weeks 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. In summary, there was a within groups significant increase in friends and family social support for those participating in the intervention and a significant increase in family social support for the control. The intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in physical activity between week one and 12"--Document.
Author: Elyse A. Shearer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Exercise for women Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
"Obesity among women is a public health problem in the United States. Pregnancy may be one of the causes of this, with 56% of women of childbearing age being overweight or obese. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention may increase a woman's risk of obesity and chronic disease later in life. Moderate calorie restriction and exercise interventions have been shown to reduce body weight and improve body composition during the postpartum period. While weight loss interventions have been successful, high attrition rates limit the widespread effectiveness of these interventions. Furthermore, there is a lack of research examining the effects of a weight loss program on cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. Therefore, the primary aim of the studies in this dissertation were: 1) To determine the effect of a diet and exercise intervention on weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors, 2) to improve lifestyle behaviors through improved diet quality and cardiovascular fitness, and 3) to describe the relationship between chronic inflammation and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight and obese postpartum women. The first study concluded that a home-based diet and exercise program resulted in greater reductions in weight, waist circumference, sagittal diameter, and abdominal fat mass compared to a control group. Additionally, the intervention resulted in a significant improvement in cardiovascular fitness. The second study concluded that the intervention improved triglyceride concentrations, decreased insulin resistance, and improved metabolic syndrome risk factors. Finally, the third study concluded that the intervention resulted in less loss of BMD at the total body and hip and less loss of BMC at the hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck after controlling for lactation status and weeks postpartum at baseline. Change in cardiovascular fitness was a predictor of change in total hip and femoral neck BMD, while change in inflammation was a predictor of change in total body BMD. These results suggest that a home-based, diet and exercise intervention is effective in improving body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese postpartum women. Additionally, moderate aerobic activity may attenuate bone loss during a weight loss program."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309104068 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health: Workshop Report summarizes a one and a half day workshop convened in May 2006 that reviewed U.S. trends in maternal weight (prior to, during, and after pregnancy) among different populations of women; examined the emerging research findings related to the complex relationship of the biological, behavioral, psychological, and social interactions that affect maternal and pregnancy weight on maternal and child health outcomes; and discussed interventions that use this complex relationship to promote appropriate weight during pregnancy and postpartum. Given the unprecedented environment in the United States in which two-thirds of the adult population meets the criteria for being overweight or obese, the implications for women in the reproductive age period are unique in the history of the country. The concerns for maternal and infant health are real. The questions and answers tackled by committee members and workshop participants were not easy. Nevertheless, having an opportunity to explore what is known, examine the gaps in knowledge, and explore what to do now and in the future build a pathway for further inquiry and action. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings and highlights key themes that deserve further attention. The participants in this workshop describe what is known about recent trends in maternal weight gain and the impact of maternal weight during pregnancy on the health of mothers and their children. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to assess trends that have occurred since the publication of an earlier study by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which included guidelines for recommended weight gain during pregnancy.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309131138 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 868
Book Description
As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309101964 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Author: Krista Leonard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Women with higher pre-pregnancy weight status and postpartum weight retention are at increased risk for postpartum depression and stress. Psychobehavioral determinants (e.g., low self-esteem, social support, and exercise) may also put women at additional risk for poor postpartum well-being. However, there is a lack of research focusing on the collective influence of these psychobehavioral factors and the extent to which they impact depression and stress across the postpartum period. Purpose: To prospectively examine the extent to which pre-pregnancy weight status, postpartum weight retention, and postpartum psychobehavioral variables (i.e., depression, stress, self-esteem, social support, and exercise) in early postpartum (i.e., 6-, 12- and 18-months) were associated with and explained depression and stress in later postpartum (i.e., 12-, 18- and 24-months) within a cohort of first-time mothers who were prospectively followed from 6- to 24-months postpartum. Methods: Women (N = 903) were categorized by their pre-pregnancy weight (i.e., normal weight vs. overweight/obese) and postpartum weight retention (i.e., low vs. high at 6-months) status. Women prospectively reported depressive symptoms, stress, self-esteem, social support, and exercise at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months postpartum via telephone interviews. Results: Lower early (i.e., 6-, 12-, and 18-months) postpartum social support and self-esteem and higher depression and stress were associated with higher later (i.e., 12-, 18-, and 24-months) postpartum depression and stress. Lower early (i.e., 6- and 18-months) postpartum exercise was associated with higher later (i.e., 12- and 24-months) postpartum depression and stress among overweight/obese women with low 6-month postpartum weight retention. Normal weight women with low 6-month postpartum weight retention reported: (1) significantly lower 12-month postpartum depression, and 18- and 24-month postpartum stress compared to normal weight women with higher 6-month postpartum weight retention, (2) significantly higher 12-month postpartum exercise compared to overweight/obese women with low 6-month postpartum weight retention, and (3) higher 18-month postpartum self-esteem compared to overweight/obese women with high 6-month postpartum weight retention. Among all categories of women, early (i.e., 6-, 12-, and 18-months) postpartum depression mediated the relationship between early postpartum stress, self-esteem, and social support and later (i.e., 12-, 18-, and 24-months) postpartum depression. Also, early postpartum stress mediated the relationship between early postpartum depression, self-esteem, and social support and later postpartum stress. Conclusion: Women may experience postpartum psychobehavioral constructs differently based on their pre-pregnancy weight and 6-month postpartum weight retention status. However, among all women and regardless of weight status, poorer psychobehavioral constructs lead to early postpartum depression and stress, and in turn, a continued trajectory of postpartum depression and stress as far out as 24-months postpartum. Intervention efforts are warranted during pregnancy or earlier postpartum to increase self-esteem, strengthen social support, and managing early postpartum depressive and stress symptoms in an effort to prevent a long-term trajectory of postpartum depression and stress and directly improve maternal (and therefore indirectly infant) health and well-being.
Author: Meredith Leigh Graham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 179
Book Description
The association between socio-ecological factors and poor health outcomes for the low-income women and their children has been the focus of disparities research for several decades. Comparative qualitative studies have examined issues such as mood, body image, smoking and breastfeeding in both pregnant and postpartum women. This research identifies and compares the changing socio-ecological conditions among lowincome women from pregnancy to postpartum and highlights the multitude of factors that may make women's lives increasingly difficult after delivery. This research may inform public health nutrition programs, such as Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), as well as interventions that promote behavior change in low-income women during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. As part of formative research for developing an online health intervention for pregnant and postpartum women between the ages of 18-35, group and individual interviews were conducted with pregnant and postpartum women who qualified for either WIC or PCAP (Prenatal Care Assistance Program). Five pregnancy group interviews (n=15 women, ranging from 2-5 women per group), five postpartum group interviews (n=23 women, ranging from 3-6 women per group) and seven individual interviews with a total of 45 participants were conducted in Rochester, NY. Group and individual interviews explored the influences on healthy behaviors including diet and physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum; experiences, strategies and barriers to change behavior; and the role of social support in supporting/discouraging healthy behaviors. All group and individual interviews were audio-recorded. Detailed notes were taken and added in subsequent listening to the recordings. The constant comparative method was used to code group and individual interview notes and to identify emergent themes. All of the women in the sample faced a great number of challenges that impacted their attitudes and beliefs, as well as, their ability to maintain or improve healthy behaviors. Such challenges included unemployment, relationship issues, minimal social support, lack of education, healthcare access, preexisting medical conditions and neighborhood disadvantage, including a poor food environment and criminal activity. Compared to pregnant women, postpartum women faced additional difficulties, such as child illnesses, child custody issues and homelessness. Many factors contribute to women's difficulties postpartum, including challenges that are present prior to delivery, those present prior to delivery that worsen after delivery, and some new challenges that begin after delivery. The most striking differences between weight-related barriers during pregnancy and postpartum related to the family's medical issues and to greater environmental constraints.!The socio-demographic constraints that low-income women face after delivery and the impact those constraints have on their ability to change health behaviors are critical to consider when designing health promotion interventions.!
Author: Robin Pickering
Author: Robin Pickering
Author: Julianne Simpson
Author: Elyse A. Shearer
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Kathleen Jo Buchko
Author: Krista Leonard
Author: Meredith Leigh Graham