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Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451851480 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451851480 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Author: E. Wesley F. Peterson Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1405185872 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
A Billion Dollars a Day “This text provides a good narrative on the economics of government intervention, the structure of the world food system and history of the WTO, and the provision of farm subsidies by developed economies, with a special focus on the U.S. and EU.” P. Lynn Kennedy, Louisiana State University “This extremely well-researched and documented book provides a comprehensive overview of the impact (both intentional and unintentional) that developed nations’ agricultural policies can have on underdeveloped agricultural-based nations.” Jay E. Noel, Cal Poly State University “This text’s discussion and explanation of subsidies is well developed in a historical and international context that is not found elsewhere.” Conrad Lyford, Texas Tech University “Peterson has done a nice job of taking complicated issues and explaining them in a manner that is understandable for students with limited background in policy, development, and trade. This well-written text brings both a U.S. and a world perspective to the timely and important topics of government farm policy and food prices.” Rick Whitacre, Illinois State University Why do Europe, the United States, and some key Asian countries spend, in aggregate, a billion dollars a day on various agricultural price supports, when much of this money ends up in the hands of large agribusiness? In a lively, non-technical, and up-to-date account, this book addresses the core questions that surround the issues of agricultural subsidies. Peterson provides a detailed examination of subsidy histories and the current policies of the United States, various European countries, Australia and New Zealand, and Korea and Japan. Also included is a discussion of how these policies affect developing countries – examining, in particular, their impact on farmers in low-income countries.
Author: Joshua S. Graff Zivin Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226988031 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Using economic models and empirical analysis, this volume examines a wide range of agricultural and biofuel policy issues and their effects on American agricultural and related agrarian insurance markets. Beginning with a look at the distribution of funds by insurance programs—created to support farmers but often benefiting crop processors instead—the book then examines the demand for biofuel and the effects of biofuel policies on agricultural price uncertainty. Also discussed are genetically engineered crops, which are assuming an increasingly important role in arbitrating tensions between energy production, environmental protection, and the global food supply. Other contributions discuss the major effects of genetic engineering on worldwide food markets. By addressing some of the most challenging topics at the intersection of agriculture and biotechnology, this volume informs crucial debates.
Author: Glauber, Joseph W. Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper examines the development of US agricultural policy and considers how it has affected US consumers and producers, as well as how US programs affect foreign producers and consumers within the context of the United States’ obligations under the World Trade Organization. Throughout its history, the United States has supported the farm sector through a myriad of policies affecting prices, production, and farm incomes. Although many of the policies put in place during the New Deal legislation in the 1930s were seen as temporary at the time, most have persisted in one form or another to the present day. And while many would argue that the form and function of today’s agricultural programs are less distortionary than before, the level of support provided to the sector is several billion dollars annually.
Author: Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1498350437 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Author: David Robinson Simon Publisher: Mango Media Inc. ISBN: 1609258614 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
In this “provocative and persuasive work,” the health advocate reveals the dirty economics of meat—an industry that’s eating into your wallet (Publishers Weekly). Few Americans are aware of the economic system that supports our country’s supply of animal foods. Yet these forces affect us in a number of ways—none of them good. Though we only pay a few dollars per pound of meat at the grocery store, we pay far more in tax-fueled government subsidies—$38 billion more, to be exact. And subsidies are just one layer of meat’s hidden cost. But in Meatonomics, lawyer and sustainability advocate David Robinson Simon offers a path toward lasting solutions. Animal food producers maintain market dominance with artificially low prices, misleading PR, and an outsized influence over legislation. But counteracting these manipulations is easy—with the economic sanity of plant-based foods. In Meatonomics, Simon demonstrates: How government-funded marketing influences what we think of as healthy eating How much of our money is spent to prop up the meat industry How we can change our habits and our country for the better “Spectacularly important.” —John Robbins, author of The Food Revolution “[A] well-researched, passionately written book.” —Publishers Weekly
Author: Laborde Debucquet, David Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
To understand the impacts of support programs on global emissions, this paper considers the impacts of domestic subsidies, price distortions at the border, and investments in emission-reducing technologies on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. In a step towards a full evaluation of the impacts, it uses a counterfactual global model scenario showing how much emissions from agricultural production would change if agricultural support were abolished worldwide. The analysis indicates that, without subsidies paid directly to farmers, output of some emission-intensive activities and agricultural emissions would be smaller. Without agricultural trade protection, however, emissions would be higher. This is partly because protection reduces global demand more than it increases global agricultural supply, and partly because some countries that currently tax agriculture have high emission intensities. Policies that directly reduce emission intensities yield much larger reductions in emissions than those that reduce emission intensities by increasing overall productivity because overall productivity growth creates a rebound effect by reducing product prices and expanding output. A key challenge is designing policy reforms that effectively reduce emissions without jeopardizing other key goals such as improving nutrition and reducing poverty. While the scenario analysis in this paper does not propose any particular policy reform, it does provide an important building block towards a full understanding the impacts of repurposed agricultural support measures on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change. That full analysis is being undertaken in subsequent work, which will also take account of land-use change and alternative forms of agricultural policy support to align objectives of food security, farmers’ income security, production efficiency and resilience, and environmental protection.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Author: Ephraim Chirwa
Author: E. Wesley F. Peterson
Author: 
Author: Joshua S. Graff Zivin
Author: Glauber, Joseph W.
Author: Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich
Author: David Robinson Simon
Author: Frédéric Bastiat
Author: Laborde Debucquet, David