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Author: Constance Elizabeth Hausman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ash (Plants) Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
The introduction of exotic species is the inevitable consequence of an expanding global society that relies heavily on international trade of goods and services. These introduced species have negative effects on biodiversity and disrupt native communities. In fact, the spread of non-native species is the second greatest threat to the loss of biodiversity next to habitat destruction. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Buprestidae), is a recent example of an exotic forest pest species. EAB completes its life cycle on ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) including larvae feeding on cambium tissue which interferes with water and nutrient translocation. Once ash trees become infested with EAB, mortality is>99%. This dissertation was initiated after EAB was discovered and attempts to understand how EAB affects long-term forest community dynamics in order to provide practical applied conservation strategies. These research projects are designed to identify the ecological impacts of EAB and to determine long-term community changes to native deciduous forests. The research objectives are: (1) to identify consequences of EAB eradication efforts, (2) to determine altered community composition under different disturbance intensities (tree removal management recommendations) and (3) to design effective ex situ conservation protocols for future ash tree preservation. EAB causes a disturbance to native forest by creating large light gaps through ash tree dieback; yet, EAB eradication efforts magnified the scale of disturbance through time and space which facilitated the establishment of invasive plant species. The tracked vehicles used during eradication also caused significant soil compaction. Management efforts applied to EAB-infested forests should prioritize appropriate tree removal techniques to minimize the disturbance to the surrounding community. Ash stands in close proximity to roads or edges, or near established invasive populations may benefit from proactive removal of invasive species. This research contributes to ash conservation efforts by providing a guideline for ex situ collection methods. By understanding diversity and spatial genetic structure of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a seed collection protocol has been constructed that optimizes the likelihood of capturing all alleles in a population while minimizing collection efforts. This cumulative research provides effective forest management recommendations and prioritizes ash conservation.
Author: Constance Elizabeth Hausman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ash (Plants) Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
The introduction of exotic species is the inevitable consequence of an expanding global society that relies heavily on international trade of goods and services. These introduced species have negative effects on biodiversity and disrupt native communities. In fact, the spread of non-native species is the second greatest threat to the loss of biodiversity next to habitat destruction. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Buprestidae), is a recent example of an exotic forest pest species. EAB completes its life cycle on ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) including larvae feeding on cambium tissue which interferes with water and nutrient translocation. Once ash trees become infested with EAB, mortality is>99%. This dissertation was initiated after EAB was discovered and attempts to understand how EAB affects long-term forest community dynamics in order to provide practical applied conservation strategies. These research projects are designed to identify the ecological impacts of EAB and to determine long-term community changes to native deciduous forests. The research objectives are: (1) to identify consequences of EAB eradication efforts, (2) to determine altered community composition under different disturbance intensities (tree removal management recommendations) and (3) to design effective ex situ conservation protocols for future ash tree preservation. EAB causes a disturbance to native forest by creating large light gaps through ash tree dieback; yet, EAB eradication efforts magnified the scale of disturbance through time and space which facilitated the establishment of invasive plant species. The tracked vehicles used during eradication also caused significant soil compaction. Management efforts applied to EAB-infested forests should prioritize appropriate tree removal techniques to minimize the disturbance to the surrounding community. Ash stands in close proximity to roads or edges, or near established invasive populations may benefit from proactive removal of invasive species. This research contributes to ash conservation efforts by providing a guideline for ex situ collection methods. By understanding diversity and spatial genetic structure of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a seed collection protocol has been constructed that optimizes the likelihood of capturing all alleles in a population while minimizing collection efforts. This cumulative research provides effective forest management recommendations and prioritizes ash conservation.
Author: Randall Kolka Publisher: ISBN: 9783038971658 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The emerald ash borer (EAB) is rapidly spreading throughout Eastern North America and devastating ecosystems where ash is a component tree. This rapid and sustained loss of ash trees has already resulted in ecological impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and is projected to be even more severe as EAB invades ash dominated wetlands of the western Great Lakes region. We propose a Special Issue that will address current research documenting ecological impacts of EAB in forest ecosystems, as well as management approaches to mitigate those impacts. Prospective authors are invited to contribute original researches to this Special Issue of Forests. Topics may include, but are not limited to: Managements of ash forests and potential replacements, nutrient and vegetation dynamics, greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration and cycling, hydrologic impacts, and pre or post-infestation silvicultural approaches or management strategies.
Author: Randall K. Kolka Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038971642 Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Understanding and Managing Emerald Ash Borer Impacts on Ash Forests" that was published in Forests
Book Description
This volume is an account of the scientific and social responses made to the discovery of an invasive forest insect -- the emerald ash borer or EAB (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888) -- in North America, that was formally announced in July 2002. Since its recognition, this wood-boring beetle has become one of the most destructive and costly exotic species ever encountered. More than $300 million in federal USDA-APHIS funds (alone) have been devoted to battling this pest, which has killed some tens of millions of ash trees, chiefly within southeastern Michigan and surrounding states. EAB has now been found in 28 states and two Canadian provinces. But those numbers are almost certain to keep growing in coming years. While primarily a case study, this work nonetheless examines larger issues concerning invasive species as a whole, their inadvertent transport and worldwide spread through the rise of globalization, regulations that have been adopted to prevent their introduction, and the successes or failures of state and federal agencies to try and enforce those regulations. It offers the first general work of its kind to appear on the ash borer that is directed towards a broad audience including the public, entomologists and foresters, environmentalists and ecologists, researchers, regulators, and indeed anyone who wishes to learn more about this important and timely topic. No previous knowledge of EAB or invasion biology is assumed. This book covers all of the major aspects of scientific research and management that have occurred since EAB was recognized in 2002. It is thoroughly researched and draws from the best available data and sources, which represent (a) archival materials; (b) scholarly publications and conference proceedings; (c) interviews conducted with leading participants in the EAB program; (d) selected newspaper/magazine articles; and (e) reputable sources found on the Internet (e.g., USDA-APHIS).
Book Description
This volume describes the scientific and social responses made to discovery of the emerald ash borer (EAB) in North America. That beetle has become one of the most destructive and costly exotic species ever encountered. This work covers all major aspects of scientific research and management efforts related to it.
Author: Kylienne A. Clark Publisher: The Ohio State University ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 594
Book Description
This book was written by undergraduate students at The Ohio State University (OSU) who were enrolled in the class Introduction to Environmental Science. The chapters describe some of Earth's major environmental challenges and discuss ways that humans are using cutting-edge science and engineering to provide sustainable solutions to these problems. Topics are as diverse as the students, who represent virtually every department, school and college at OSU. The environmental issue that is described in each chapter is particularly important to the author, who hopes that their story will serve as inspiration to protect Earth for all life.
Author: Hanusia Higgins Publisher: ISBN: Category : Emerald ash borer Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
As non-native forest pests disperse across the United States, the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (EAB), has emerged as one of the most costly and destructive invaders. In response to EAB, forest management practices, including pre-salvage logging, "phloem reduction" (large ash removal), and strategies to improve future ash regeneration, have been implemented to meet economic, ecological, cultural, and safety objectives. Although many studies have quantified the impacts of EAB on mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), less is known about the short- and long-term ecological impacts of forest management in response to this pest. In summer 2020, we measured forest structure and composition at sites across New England that included white ash harvests motivated by the threat of EAB impacts. Management responses varied from selective ash removals to capture potential economic losses to group selection harvests designed to recruit new ash cohorts. Informed by our findings, we modeled three approaches to ash management under three potential future climate regimes, along with EAB and natural wind disturbance for a 100-year period in northern Bennington County, Vermont. This dual approach allowed us to examine both the immediate aftermath of forest management responses to EAB, and the future outcomes of these management practices on ash trees and their natural communities, in the context of other important drivers of forest dynamics such as climate change. In our observational study, we found a lower proportion of white ash basal area in harvested study sites compared to unharvested control sites. However, white ash regeneration at the seedling and sapling stages was higher in harvested than in unharvested plots. In addition, our modeling of ash management practices projected more white and black ash biomass present in 2120 forests when harvests and chemical treatments prioritizing ash retention and regeneration were implemented compared to typical current practices, and less ash biomass in 2120 following more aggressive salvage and pre-salvage harvests removing white ash. Climate also played a significant role in next-century forest composition, as more drastic climate projections compared to current conditions favored warmer-adapted species in the region. Our findings indicate that forest management practices that align with ash species' silvics, such as the greater light availability needed to successfully recruit new white ash cohorts, can bolster ash regeneration and perpetual presence in New England forests. Although EAB remains a significant threat, our work confirms the importance of implementing a variety of management approaches, supported by recent findings that ash survival and resistance to EAB is more prevalent, and more variable, than previously thought. This work will help inform future management decisions in response to this invasive pest that ensure long-term ecological and economic options are maintained on site.
Author: Therese M. Poland Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030453677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Author: David L. Denlinger Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139485474 Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Low temperature is a major environmental constraint impacting the geographic distribution and seasonal activity patterns of insects. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary and ecological context. An introductory chapter provides a primer on insect cold tolerance and subsequent chapters in the first section discuss the organismal, cellular and molecular responses that allow insects to survive in the cold despite their, at best, limited ability to regulate their own body temperature. The second section, highlighting the evolutionary and macrophysiological responses to low temperature, is especially relevant for understanding the impact of global climate change on insect systems. A final section translates the knowledge gained from the rest of the book into practical applications including cryopreservation and the augmentation of pest management strategies.
Author: Moshe Coll Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119255597 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 562
Book Description
A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices. It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject. The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book. Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource.
Author: Constance Elizabeth Hausman
Author: Constance Elizabeth Hausman
Author: Randall Kolka
Author: Randall K. Kolka
Author: Jordan D. Marché II
Author: Jordan D. Marché (II)
Author: Kylienne A. Clark
Author: Hanusia Higgins
Author: Therese M. Poland
Author: David L. Denlinger
Author: Moshe Coll