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Author: Laurence Armi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
Profiles of salinity and temperature from the center of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain have a signature that is characteristic of mixing up a uniformly stratified region: a well-mixed layer above the bottom, bounded by an interface. The penetration height of the mixed-layer varies from about 10 m to 100 m and has been correlated by Armi and Millard (1976) with the one day mean velocity, inferred from current meters located above the bottom boundary layer. Here the dynamics of such layers is discussed. A model of entrainment and mixing for a flat bottom boundary layer is outlined; this model is however incomplete because too little is known of the structure of turbulence above an ekman layer.
Author: Laurence Armi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
Profiles of salinity and temperature from the center of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain have a signature that is characteristic of mixing up a uniformly stratified region: a well-mixed layer above the bottom, bounded by an interface. The penetration height of the mixed-layer varies from about 10 m to 100 m and has been correlated by Armi and Millard (1976) with the one day mean velocity, inferred from current meters located above the bottom boundary layer. Here the dynamics of such layers is discussed. A model of entrainment and mixing for a flat bottom boundary layer is outlined; this model is however incomplete because too little is known of the structure of turbulence above an ekman layer.
Author: Simon Chu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080870953 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book contains articles presenting current knowledge about the formation and renewal of deep waters in the ocean. These articles were presented at an international workshop at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey in March 1990. It is the first book entirely devoted to the topic of deep water formation in which articles have been both selected and reviewed, and it is also the first time authors have addressed both surface and deep mixed layers. Highlighted are: past and recent observations (description and analysis), concepts and models, and modern techniques for future research. Thanks to spectacular advances realised in computing sciences over the last twenty years this volume includes a number of sophisticated numerical models. Observational as well as theoretical studies are presented and a clear distinction is established between open-ocean deep convection and shelf processes, both leading to deep- and bottom-water formation. The main subject addressed is the physical mechanism by which the deep water in the ocean can be renewed. Ventilation occurs at the surface in areas called the gills, where water is mixed and oxygenated before sinking and spreading in the abyss of the deep ocean. This phenomenon is a very active area for both experimentalists and theoreticians because of its strong implications for the understanding of the world ocean circulation and Earth climate. This major theme sheds light on specific and complex processes happening in very restricted areas still controlling three quarters of the total volume of the ocean. All articles include illustrations and a bibliography. This book will be of particular interest to physical oceanographers, earth scientists, environmentalists and climatologists.
Author: G.T. Csanady Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401710414 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
For some time there has existed an extensive theoretical literature relating to tides on continental shelves and also to the behavior of estuaries. Much less attention was traditionally paid to the dynamics of longer term, larger scale motions (those which are usually described as circulation') over continental shelves or in enclosed shallow seas such as the North American Great Lakes. This is no longer the case: spurred on by other disciplines, notably biological oceanography, and by public concern with the environment, the physical science of the coastal ocean has made giant strides during the last two decades or so. Today, it is probably fair to say that coastal ocean physics has come of age as a deduc tive quantitative science. A well developed body of theoretical models exist, based on the equations of fluid motion, which have been related to observed currents, sea level variations, water properties, etc. Quantitative parameters required in using the models to predict e.g. the effects of wind or of freshwater influx on coastal currents can be estimated within reasonable bounds of error. While much remains to be learned, and many exciting discoveries presumably await us in the future, the time seems appropriate to summarize those aspects of coastal ocean dynamics relevant to 'circulation' or long term motion.
Author: Christopher Andrew Edwards Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ocean circulation Languages : en Pages : 716
Book Description
The transformation of potential vorticity within and stability of nonlinear deep western boundary currents in an idealized tropical ocean are studied using a shallowwater model. Observational evidence indicates that the potential vorticity of fluid parcels in deep western boundary currents must change sign as they cross the equator, but this evidence is otherwise unable to clarify the process. A series of numerical experiments investigate this transformation in a rectangular basin straddling the equator. A mass source located in the northwestern corner feeds fluid into the domain where it is constrained to cross the equator to reach a distributed mass sink. Dissipation is included as momentum diffusion. The Reynolds number, defined as the ratio of the mass source per unit depth to the viscosity, determines the nature of the flow, and a critical value, Rec, divides its possible behavior into two regimes. For Re
Author: Bernard P. Boudreau Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199770915 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
The benthic boundary layer is the zone of water and sediment immediately adjacent to the bottom of a sea, lake, or river. This zone is of considerable interest to biologists, geochemists, sedimentologists, and engineers because of very strong gradients of energy, dissolved and solid chemical components, suspended matter, and the number of organisms that live there. It is, for example, the sink for anthropogenic substances and the home of microscopic plant life that provides the nutrients that determine fish populations--and ultimately the size of the fisheries. This book of original chapters edited by Professors Boudreau and Jorgensen, both leading researchers in the field, will meet the need for an up-to-date, definitive text/reference on measurements, techniques, and models for transport and biochemical processes in the benthic boundary layer. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of a selected field, with illustrated examples from the authors' own work. The book will appeal to professionals and researchers in marine biology, marine chemistry, marine engineering, and sedimentology.
Author: Dirk Olbers Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364223450X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 717
Book Description
Ocean Dynamics’ is a concise introduction to the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the common approximations for geophysical fluid dynamics, presenting a comprehensive approach to large-scale ocean circulation theory. The book is written on the physical and mathematical level of graduate students in theoretical courses of physical oceanography, meteorology and environmental physics. An extensive bibliography and index, extensive side notes and recommendations for further reading, and a comparison with the specific atmospheric physics where applicable, makes this volume also a useful reading for researchers. Each of the four parts of the book – fundamental laws, common approximations, ocean waves, oceanic turbulence and eddies, and selected aspects of ocean dynamics – starts with elementary considerations, blending then classical topics with more advanced developments of fluid mechanics and theoretical oceanography. The last part covers the theory of the global wind-driven circulation in homogeneous and stratified regimes, the circulation and overturning in the Southern Ocean, and the global meridional overturning and thermohaline-driven circulation. Emphasis is placed on simple physical models rather than access to extensive numerical results, enabling students to understand and reproduce the complex theory mostly by analytical means. All equations and models are derived in detail and illustrated by numerous figures. The appendix provides short excursions into the mathematical background, such as vector analysis, statistics, and differential equations
Author: Laurence Armi
Author: Laurence Armi
Author: S. A. Thorpe
Author: Simon Chu
Author: 
Author: G.T. Csanady
Author: Jane Verrall
Author: Christopher Andrew Edwards
Author: Bernard P. Boudreau
Author: Ping-Tung Peter Shaw
Author: Dirk Olbers