The Dynamics of Labor Earnings Over the Life Course PDF Download

Author: Klaus Schömann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783894048075
Category : Wages
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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This dissertation consists of three articles on the distribution of income, its place within national political economies, and its impact on societies. The first article examines the distribution of income between labor and capital. This articles therefore focuses on the labor share of Gross Domestic Product in the United States over an exceptionally long period of time, 1870-2009. I argue that class strategies of conflict and compromise combine into distinct regimes that produce characteristic dynamics in the labor share. I test for structural breaks in the variance and trend of the labor share time series and show that break points in the labor share correspond to historical shifts in class relations. The coinciding structural breaks and historical shifts in class relations support the theory that class conflict and compromise impact the dynamics of the labor share. The second article analyzes the distribution of income within and between classes in eight countries in1980 and 2005. Using information on occupation and employment status, individuals in each country are organized into skill-based occupational classes and managerial positions. I then compare the net incomes of each class at the 10th percentile, the mean, and the 90th percentile. What emerges is a consistent class structure of income that can be found, with some variation, in every country and both time periods. I draw analogies between the class structure of income and the class structure of employment that was previously described by class analysts. The third article examines the age-income curves of individuals over the life-course. The median income in the U.S. has barely increased in the last few decades. This article takes up the question of whether the period of middle-class income stagnation within the U.S. national distribution of income has also been a time of individual income stagnation. The slope of the age-earnings profile of three cohorts is examined. If individual-level income stagnation were prevailing, then later cohorts should experience slower earnings increases as they age. I find the opposite: the slope of the age-earnings profile has become steeper over time as a result of lower youth earnings and higher peak-career earnings.

Author: Glen H. Elder (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Author: Walter R. Heinz
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 9780202368962
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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In the last two decades, research on the life course has successfully combined and integrated different and rather isolated fields of social concerns such as: the labor market, family solidarity, education, employment, retirement, and social policy. It has also developed a special focus on crucial problems of sociological research, which includes the understanding of micromacro phenomena, the dynamics of social change, and international comparisons. Contributors to this volume take an international, comparative approach in applying the life course theoretical framework to issues of work and career. Life course research focuses on the relationship between institutions and individuals across the life span and illuminates the impact of modernization on the shaping of biographies. Industrial service societies are characterized by historically new contingencies of living arrangements and biographies. These contingencies differ according to the extent to which life course patterns are regulated by social institutions. In the continental European context, institutional frameworks continue to define the timing and sequencing of transitions across the life course. In less regulated market societies, like the United States and Great Britain, biographies and living arrangements are shaped more by the interaction of markets, social networks, and individual decisions. In active welfare states, institutional resources and rules continue to mediate the effects of social change on the life course. What the editors and contributors to this fine compendium anticipate is a change on the cultural level toward more equality. This trend supports young people, and women in particular, in their expectations concerning an egalitarian relationship. This expectation is not taken for granted from the point of view of the male partner, but has to be negotiated in decisionmaking processes as an issue that concerns the couple as a unit. Thus, the way in which people interact is profoundly impacted by the values and goals of equity demands. Walter R. Heinz is professor of sociology and social psychology, and director, Graduate School of Social Sciences, University of Bremen. Victor W. Marshall is professor of sociology, and director of the Institute on Aging, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina.

Author: Jens Stephani
Publisher: wbv Media GmbH & Company KG
ISBN: 376394088X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Dieses Buch thematisiert verschiedene Aspekte der Lohndynamik in Deutschland. Während der Hauptteil des Buches sich mit dem Lohnwachstum und der Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern beschäftigt, analysiert ein kleinerer Teil die Entwicklung der Lohneffekte der Tarifbindung für alle Beschäftigten. Unter anderem wird gezeigt, dass die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern in besser bezahlte Jobs kein lediglich temporäres Phänomen ist, sondern für diese Beschäftigten zu längerfristig höheren Lohnniveaus führen kann. Das Lohnwachstum von Geringverdienern hängt allerdings von anderen betrieblichen Einflussfaktoren ab als das Lohnwachstum von Besserverdienern. Auch Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wie zum Beispiel die individuelle Kontrollüberzeugung beeinflussen die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern. Weiterhin zeigen die Analysen, dass trotz des kontinuierlichen Rückgangs des gewerkschaftlichen Organisationsgrads und der Tarifbindung im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterhin eine - wenn auch geringe - positive Lohnprämie der Tarifbindung existiert.

Author: Heather Joshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Using data tracking all those born in a single week in Great Britain in 1958 through to their mid-50s we observe an inverse U-shaped gender wage gap (GWG) over their life-course: an initial gap in early adulthood widened substantially during childrearing years, affecting earnings in full-time and part-time jobs. In our descriptive approach, education related differences are minor. Gender differences in work experience are the biggest contributor to that part of the gender wage gap we can explain in our models. Family formation primarily affects the GWG through its impact on work experience. Family composition is similar for male and female workers but attracts opposite wage premia. Not all of the GWG however is linked to family formation. There was a sizeable GWG on labour market entry and there are some otherwise unexplained gaps between the pay of men and women who do not become parents.

Author: Neal Halfon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319471430
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 667

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. ​This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.

Author: Richard W. Blundell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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What do labor income dynamics look like over the life-cycle? What is the relative importance of persistent shocks, transitory shocks and heterogeneous profiles? To what extent do taxes, transfers and the family attenuate these various factors in the evolution of life-cycle inequality? In this paper, we use rich Norwegian data to answer these important questions.We let individuals with different education levels have a separate income process; and within each skill group, we allow for non-stationarity in age and time, heterogeneous experience profiles, and shocks of varying persistence. We find that the income processes differ systematically by age, skill level and their interaction. To accurately describe labor income dynamics over the life-cycle, it is necessary to allow for heterogeneity by education levels and account for non-stationarity in age and time. Our findings suggest that the progressive nature of the Norwegian tax-transfer system plays a key role in attenuating the magnitude and persistence of income shocks, especially among the low skilled. By comparison, spouse's income matters less for the dynamics of inequality over the life-cycle.

Author: Jeylan T. Mortimer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306482479
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 718

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This comprehensive handbook provides an overview of key theoretical perspectives, concepts, and methodological approaches that, while applied to diverse phenomena, are united in their general approach to the study of lives across age phases. In surveying the wide terrain of life course studies with dual emphases on theory and empirical research, this important reference work presents probative concepts and methods and identifies promising avenues for future research.

Author: Audra J. Bowlus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54

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