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Author: Peixuan Zheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognized as an effective approach for improving cognitive function. However, it is unclear how short-term PA or physical inactivity might influence cognition, and whether this effect is associated with other health outcomes such as vascular function. A series of three studies were conducted to address this knowledge gap. The first study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed 90 effects from 16 randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of acute exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults aged 60 years or above. The results revealed that acute exercise elicited a small but significant improvement in cognitive function compared to the non-exercise control condition (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.17, p = 0.003), and greater improvements were found in time- than accuracy-related cognitive outcomes (SMD = 0.24 versus 0.11, p 0.05). The second study investigated the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity walking on cognitive and vascular function in physically inactive older adults aged 60 years or above. Compared to the control (sitting) condition, acute exercise (30-min walking at 100 steps/min) significantly improved performance in executive function, whereas reduced carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (p-values 0.05). Changes in processing speed and aortic augmentation index were similar between conditions (p 0.05), whereas central mean arterial blood pressure was increased after sitting (p
Author: Peixuan Zheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognized as an effective approach for improving cognitive function. However, it is unclear how short-term PA or physical inactivity might influence cognition, and whether this effect is associated with other health outcomes such as vascular function. A series of three studies were conducted to address this knowledge gap. The first study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed 90 effects from 16 randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of acute exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults aged 60 years or above. The results revealed that acute exercise elicited a small but significant improvement in cognitive function compared to the non-exercise control condition (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.17, p = 0.003), and greater improvements were found in time- than accuracy-related cognitive outcomes (SMD = 0.24 versus 0.11, p 0.05). The second study investigated the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity walking on cognitive and vascular function in physically inactive older adults aged 60 years or above. Compared to the control (sitting) condition, acute exercise (30-min walking at 100 steps/min) significantly improved performance in executive function, whereas reduced carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (p-values 0.05). Changes in processing speed and aortic augmentation index were similar between conditions (p 0.05), whereas central mean arterial blood pressure was increased after sitting (p
Author: Terry McMorris Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470740671 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309283140 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Author: A. J. Larner Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319447750 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
This revised and updated second edition provides a practical and structured overview of some of the most commonly used and easily available cognitive screening instruments applicable in the outpatient clinic and bedside setting. It now includes additional chapters on AD8 and also methodological aspects of systematic cognitive screening instrument assessment from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Expert authors from around the world equip the reader with clear instructions on the usage of each screening instrument, its strengths and weaknesses, and the time required for administration. Rules on scoring are also provided, such as how to correct for variations in the patient’s age or education, and suggested cut-off scores. Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is aimed at both clinicians and professionals in disciplines allied to medicine who are called upon to assess patients with possible cognitive disorders, including neurologists, old age psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, primary care physicians, dementia support workers, and members of memory assessment teams.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309082587 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030905088X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 560
Book Description
The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.
Author: Terry McMorris Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128011483 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 508
Book Description
Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives is the only book on the market that examines the neuroscientific correlation between exercise and cognitive functioning. The upsurge in research in recent years has confirmed that cognitive-psychology theory cannot account for the effects of exercise on cognition, and both acute and chronic exercise effect neurochemical and psychophysiological changes in the brain that, in turn, affect cognitive functioning. This book provides an overview of the research into these effects, from theoretical research through current studies that emphasize neuroscientific theories and rationales. It addition, users will find a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases, including schizophrenia, diabetes, and an array of neurological disorders. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be the go-to resource for neuroscientists, psychologists, medical professionals, and other researchers who need an understanding of the role exercise plays in cognitive functioning. - Provides a comprehensive account of how exercise affects brain functioning, which in turn affects cognition - Covers both theory and empirical research - Presents a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases - Examines neurochemical, psychophysiological, and genetic factors - Covers acute and chronic exercise
Author: Clancy Blair Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135067252 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
During the past decade, a rising interest has emerged in aspects of the broad construct of executive function (EF) in childhood. This has transpired as research has discovered that the development of EF is particularly rapid during early childhood, and that the healthy development of EF appears to play a key role in children’s developing social competence and academic and social readiness to attend school. The articles presented in this special issue help advance our understanding of the development of EF, as well as the challenges researchers face when attempting to characterize an aspect of cognition in very young children. Ultimately, this special issue illuminates the many ways in which children come to exhibit age-appropriate levels of social and cognitive competence.
Author: Robert N. Singer Publisher: Wiley ISBN: 9780471379959 Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 896
Book Description
Competitive sports demand as much discipline and training of the mind as they do of the body. Sport psychologists, coaches, and athletes are constantly searching for new and effective approaches to pain management, exercise psychology, building self confidence, and measuring progress.
Author: Peixuan Zheng
Author: Peixuan Zheng
Author: Terry McMorris
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Author: A. J. Larner
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: 
Author: Terry McMorris
Author: Clancy Blair
Author: Robert N. Singer