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Author: K. L. Chopra Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1489904182 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 615
Book Description
"You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago. Indeed, all space vehicles today are powered by silicon solar cells. But large-scale terrestrial applications of solar cells still await major breakthroughs in terms of discovering new and radical concepts in solar cell device structures, utilizing relatively more abundant, cheap, and even exotic materials, and inventing simpler and less energy intensive fabrication processes. No doubt, this extraordinary challenge in R/D has led to a virtual explosion of activities in the field of photovoltaics in the last several years.
Author: K. L. Chopra Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1489904182 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 615
Book Description
"You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago. Indeed, all space vehicles today are powered by silicon solar cells. But large-scale terrestrial applications of solar cells still await major breakthroughs in terms of discovering new and radical concepts in solar cell device structures, utilizing relatively more abundant, cheap, and even exotic materials, and inventing simpler and less energy intensive fabrication processes. No doubt, this extraordinary challenge in R/D has led to a virtual explosion of activities in the field of photovoltaics in the last several years.
Author: Yoshihiro Hamakawa Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662105497 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
The first comprehensive book on thin-film solar cells, potentially a key technology for solving the energy production problem in the 21st century in an environmentally friendly way. It covers a wide range of scientific and technological aspects of thin film semiconductors - deposition technologies, growth mechanisms and the basic properties of amorphous and nano-crystalline silicon - as well as the optimum design theory and device physics of high-efficiency solar cells, especially of single-junction and multi-junction solar cells. The development of large-area solar cell modules using single and multi-junction solar cells is also considered. Examples of recent photovoltaic systems are presented and analysed.
Author: Abban Sahin Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated ISBN: 9781607418184 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
A thin-film solar cell (TFSC), also called a thin-film photovoltaic cell (TFPV), is a solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin film) of photovoltaic material on a substrate. This book deals with some physical properties of Sulfur binary and ternary thin films used as buffer and absorber layers in solar cells and prepared using economic spray pyrolysis technique. This book also investigates some thermal properties of Zn-doped binary thin films used as solar cells buffer layers and prepared using economic techniques. Other chapters in this book describe the development of diverging band gap amorphous silicon materials and their optoelectronic properties, the unique one ampoule Bridgman method, as well as the cleavage and twinning characteristics of the single crystals and how they are influenced by annealing, etching, deviation from stoichiometric starting proportions and by the addition of sodium. This book also investigates emerging trends that might lead to additional commercial c-Si thin-film solar cells after 2010.
Author: Kasturi Chopra Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461336821 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
Two-dimensional materials created ab initio by the process of condensation of atoms, molecules, or ions, called thin films, have unique properties significantly different from the corresponding bulk materials as a result of their physical dimensions, geometry, nonequilibrium microstructure, and metallurgy. Further, these characteristic features of thin films can be drasti cally modified and tailored to obtain the desired and required physical characteristics. These features form the basis of development of a host of extraordinary active and passive thin film device applications in the last two decades. On the one extreme, these applications are in the submicron dimensions in such areas as very large scale integration (VLSI), Josephson junction quantum interference devices, magnetic bubbles, and integrated optics. On the other extreme, large-area thin films are being used as selective coatings for solar thermal conversion, solar cells for photovoltaic conver sion, and protection and passivating layers. Indeed, one would be hard pressed to find many sophisticated modern optical and electronic devices which do not use thin films in one way or the other. With the impetus provided by industrial applications, the science and technology of thin films have undergone revolutionary development and even today continue to be recognized globally as frontier areas of RID work. Major technical developments in any field of science and technology are invariably accompanied by an explosion of published literature in the form of scientific publications, reviews, and books.
Author: Roberto Murri Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers ISBN: 160805456X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells explains concepts related to technologies for silicon (Si) based photovoltaic applications. Topics in this book focus on ‘new concept’ solar cells. These kinds of cells can make photovoltaic power production an economically viable option in comparison to the bulk crystalline semiconductor technology industry. A transition from bulk crystalline Si solar cells toward thin-film technologies reduces usage of active material and introduces new concepts based on nanotechnologies. Despite its importance, the scientific development and understanding of new solar cells is not very advanced, and educational resources for specialized engineers and scientists are required. This textbook presents the fundamental scientific aspects of Si thin films growth technology, together with a clear understanding of the properties of the material and how this is employed in new generation photovoltaic solar cells. The textbook is a valuable resource for graduate students working on their theses, young researchers and all people approaching problems and fundamental aspects of advanced photovoltaic conversion.
Author: Subba Ramaiah Kodigala Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0123971829 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 197
Book Description
The fundamental concept of the book is to explain how to make thin film solar cells from the abundant solar energy materials by low cost. The proper and optimized growth conditions are very essential while sandwiching thin films to make solar cell otherwise secondary phases play a role to undermine the working function of solar cells. The book illustrates growth and characterization of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film absorbers and their solar cells. The fabrication process of absorber layers by either vacuum or non-vacuum process is readily elaborated in the book, which helps for further development of cells. The characterization analyses such as XPS, XRD, SEM, AFM etc., lead to tailor the physical properties of the absorber layers to fit well for the solar cells. The role of secondary phases such as ZnS, Cu2-xS,SnS etc., which are determined by XPS, XRD or Raman, in the absorber layers is promptly discussed. The optical spectroscopy analysis, which finds band gap, optical constants of the films, is mentioned in the book. The electrical properties of the absorbers deal the influence of substrates, growth temperature, impurities, secondary phases etc. The low temperature I-V and C-V measurements of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells are clearly described. The solar cell parameters such as efficiency, fill factor, series resistance, parallel resistance provide handful information to understand the mechanism of physics of thin film solar cells in the book. The band structure, which supports to adjust interface states at the p-n junction of the solar cells is given. On the other hand the role of window layers with the solar cells is discussed. The simulation of theoretical efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells explains how much efficiency can be experimentally extracted from the cells. - One of the first books exploring how to conduct research on thin film solar cells, including reducing costs - Detailed instructions on conducting research
Author: Beddiaf Zaidi Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1839699051 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
Thin film photovoltaic-based solar modules produce power at a low cost per watt. They are ideal candidates for large-scale solar farms as well as building-integrated photovoltaic applications. They can generate consistent power, not only at elevated temperatures but also on cloudy, overcast days and at low sun angles.Thin film photovoltaics are second-generation solar cells produced by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin films, of photosensitive material on a suitable substrate such as glass, polymer, or metal. Thin film solar cells are based on various materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin film silicon (a-Si, TF-Si) are commercially used in several conventional and advanced technologies.
Author: Robert Birkmire Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781107412217 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
This book focuses on materials issues related to Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 and CdTe-based polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic solar cells and related oxides and chalcogenides. Phase equilibrium and thermochemical kinetic aspects of the absorber layer formation of CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 are emphasized and several papers on micro-analytical analysis report on detailed structural properties of thin films. The use of flexible plastic or metal foil substrates as an alternative to glass is addressed in terms of solar-cell performance and limitations imposed by the nature of the substrates. Properties of defects and interfaces in CdTe and CIGSS are highlighted using electrical, optical, and micro-analytical tools. While film properties are correlated to device physics, controversy still exists on the detailed operation of both CdTe and CIGSS devices. Topics include: materials and synthesis; thin films on alternate substrates; defects; growth and junction formation; surfaces and interfaces and film and device characterization.
Author: David Ginley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 632
Book Description
There has been considerable progress in the development of thin-film photovoltaic devices with new efficiency records and enhanced durability. These achievements are the result of significant advances in the fundamental understanding of the materials, interfaces and devices. With 18 countries represented, this truly international volume brings together engineers and researchers from academic, industrial and national laboratories worldwide to review different materials systems and address common issues and problems. A wide variety of topics related to the development of thin-film photovoltaic and related devices, including thick-film transistors and materials for flat-panel displays, are addressed. Areas of emphasis include materials synthesis, device fabrication and characterization, and modelling. Topics include: thin-film amorphous silicon devices; thin-film silicon devices; thin-film devices based on copper-indium diselenide; cadmium-telluride devices; transparent conductive oxides and related materials for thin-film devices; and novel concepts for thin-film photovoltaics.
Author: K. L. Chopra
Author: K. L. Chopra
Author: Yoshihiro Hamakawa
Author: Abban Sahin
Author: Kasturi Chopra
Author: Roberto Murri
Author: Subba Ramaiah Kodigala
Author: Beddiaf Zaidi
Author: Robert Birkmire
Author: David Ginley
Author: Martin A. Green