The Demographic Structure of Unemployment Rates and Labor Market Transition Probabilities PDF Download

Author: Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor supply
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Author: Richard S. Toikka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discrimination in employment
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Author: Richard B. Freeman
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226261867
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568

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Book Description
This volume brings together a massive body of much-needed research information on a problem of crucial importance to labor economists, policy makers, and society in general: unemployment among the young. The thirteen studies detail the ambiguity and inadequacy of our present standard statistics as applied to youth employment, point out the error in many commonly accepted views, and show that many critically important aspects of this problem are not adequately understood. These studies also supply a significant amount of raw data, furnish a platform for further research and theoretical work in labor economics, and direct attention to promising avenues for future programs.

Author: Clifford C. Clogg
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483276244
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Measuring Underemployment: Demographic Indicators for the United States discusses the Labor Utilization Framework of Hauser and Sullivan, which is a measurement scheme that posits the existence of three dimensions, or forms, of underemployment— time, income, and skill-utilization. This book describes the conceptual groundwork, operational measurement, and implications of the Labor Utilization Framework on the way the labor force aggregates. The essential elements of the socio-demographic theory of the labor force with the logical unity provided by both the Labor Utilization Framework and the specific methodologies adopted for its analysis are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the methods for latent structure analysis and cohort analysis, including the theory of frictional underemployment; “class structure governing the distribution of labor market rewards; tempo of social change in the labor force; “productive value of a population; and “true dependency on productive labor. This publication is a good source for students and researchers concerned with different labor force topics that can be plausibly studied from the viewpoint of the Hauser-Sullivan framework.

Author: Kim B. Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor supply
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Hie Joo Ahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Aggregate U.S. labor market dynamics are well approximated by a dual labor market supplemented with a third, predominantly, home-production segment. We uncover this structure by estimating a Hidden Markov Model, a machine-learning method. The different market segments are identified through (in-)equality constraints on labor market transition probabilities. This method yields time series of stocks and flows for the three segments for 1980-2021. Workers in the primary sector, who make up around 55 percent of the population, are almost always employed and rarely experience unemployment. The secondary sector, which constitutes 14 percent of the population, absorbs most of the short-run fluctuations, both at seasonal and business cycle frequencies. Workers in this segment experience six times higher turnover rates than those in the primary tier and are ten times more likely to be unemployed than their primary counterparts. The tertiary segment consists of workers who infrequently participate in the labor market but nevertheless experience unemployment when they try to enter the labor force. Our individual-level analysis shows that observable demographic characteristics only explain a small part of the cross-individual variation in segment membership. The combination of the aggregate and individual-level evidence we provide points to dualism in the U.S. labor market being an equilibrium division of labor, under labor market imperfections, that minimizes adjustment costs in response to predictable seasonal as well as unpredictable business cycle fluctuations.

Author: Mariana M. Kotzeva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The study analyzes determinants of labour transitions from unemployment to employment using micro-data from Household Budget Surveys in Bulgaria. The transition probabilities, modeled by logistic regressions, are explained by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals, local market indicators as well as by their household structure and financial incentives. The paper provides a deeper insight to the determinants of unemployment outflows focusing on the effects of unemployment benefits, social assistance schemes, expected wage, earnings of the spouse and on exits from employment concentrating on structural variables. Contrary to the earlier studies for Bulgaria and to similar studies for other transition economies the empirical analysis does not provide evidence that personal characteristics matter for escaping of unemployment in the periods of economic crisis and stagnancy. The unemployed seem to be led by expected wage and benefits as in the simplest search model. Household structure and in particular the presence of another unemployed is an important determinant of the reemployment probability. The econometric analysis also shows that determinants of labor transitions differ between years. In the years of macroeconomic instability (as 1996 and the first half of 1997 in Bulgaria) the segmentation of the labor market is less pronounced. Under conditions of extremely low labor demand the financial incentives and economic situation of the household appear to be more influential factors than personal characteristics of the unemployed for job search process.

Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854781
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Book Description
This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.

Author: Robert Shimer
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400835232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Book Description
Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.

Author: Michael E. Hurst
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131777647X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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Book Description
First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.