Comparison of Alternative Waste Management Strategies for Long-lived Radioactive Wastes PDF Download

Author: ANONIMO
Publisher: Office for Official Publications
ISBN: 9789289449861
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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Author: European Communities
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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A comparison of the strategies for the management of radioactive waste is the subjet of the project Compas (Comparison of alternative waste management strategies for long-lived radioactive wastes). The project addressed the policies and strategies for the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and long-lived radioactive wastes, namely high-level waste from processing (HLW) and long-lived low and intermediate level waste (LL-LILW) , that have been developed in many of the EU Member States, Switzerland and many of the applicant countries. The comparison reflects the status of the national strategies on 1 September 2003. The report of the project addresses four aspects: - the wastes to be managed and ways of changing their properties; - the issues that have played a major role in influencing the strategies that have been adopted; - generic strategies that have been adopted or are being considered; - the issues that have been important in determining the acceptability of waste management options to stakeholders outside the nuclear industry and the main elements of the processes associated with options that are being successfully implemented or are being proposed for the future. Nearly all the countries that have participated in the propject have adopted deep geological disposal as the preferred long-term management option for spent nuclear fuel (that is not consigned for reprocessing), high-Ievel waste and long-lived radioactive waste. This option has been selected on the basis that the safety of a store for an indefinite period cannot be established and all the options that involve placing the waste away from land masses are either prohibited by international conventions or the uncertainties are considered to be too great. However, there are different perceptions of the urgency for implementing deep geological disposal that depend on national policies and social, logistical and economic issues. The incorporation of the requirement for disposal in national legislation has been an important factor in its early implementation in some countries.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783844364507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Great Britain. Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309073170
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164699
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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The largest volumes of radioactive wastes in the United States contain only small amounts of radioactive material. These low-activity wastes (LAW) come from hospitals, utilities, research institutions, and defense installations where nuclear material is used. Millions of cubic feet of LAW also arise every year from non-nuclear enterprises such as mining and water treatment. While LAW present much less of a radiation hazard than spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive wastes, they can cause health risks if controlled improperly. Improving the Regulation and Management of Low-Activity Radioactive Wastes asserts that LAW should be regulated and managed according to the degree of risk they pose for treatment, storage, and disposal. Current regulations are based primarily on the type of industry that produced the waste-the waste's origin-rather than its risk. In this report, a risk-informed approach for regulating and managing all types of LAW in the United States is proposed. Implemented in a gradual or stepwise fashion, this approach combines scientific risk assessment with public values and perceptions. It focuses on the hazardous properties of the waste in question and how they compare with other waste materials. The approach is based on established principles for risk-informed decision making, current risk-informed initiatives by waste regulators in the United States and abroad, solutions available under current regulatory authorities, and remedies through new legislation when necessary.

Author: Arjun Makhijani
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780945257424
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Author: N. Chapman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080539521
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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This handbook is concerned with developing principles and standards for the safe disposal of solid radioactive wastes by burial deep in the Earth's crust. Radioactive wastes have focussed thinking on long-term environmental protection issues in an unprecedented way. Consequently, the way in which principles and standards are set, and the thinking behind this, is of wider interest than to the nuclear field alone. The issues are not just technical and scientific. There is also a much wider philosophical context to the debate, centering on ethics, human values and the expectations of society.In this handbook it is intended that all theses issues are brought together, suggesting appropriate ways forward in each area, culminating in a proposed structure for safety regulations. It also aims to provide a detailed discussion of some of the most difficult logical an ethical issues facing those wishing to dispose of long-lived radioactive wastes.

Author: Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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