Author: Jane Jia FengPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
The Coding of Sound in the Cochlear Nucleus
Author: Jane Jia FengNeurobiology of Hearing
Author: Richard A. AltschulerPublisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 526
Book Description
The Mammalian Cochlear Nuclei
Author: Miguel A. MerchánPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461529328
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 525
Book Description
The presence of sophisticated auditory processing in mammals has permitted perhaps the most significant evolutionary development in humans: that of language. An understanding of the neural basis of hearing is thus a starting point for elucidating the mechanisms that are essential to human communication. The cochlear nucleus is the first region of the brain to receive input from the inner ear and is therefore the earliest stage in the central nervous system at which auditory signals are processed for distribution to higher centers. Clarifying its role in the central auditory pathway is crucial to our knowledge of how the brain deals with complex stimuli such as speech, and is also essential for understanding the central effects of peripheral sensorineural hearing loss caused by, for example, aging, ototoxic drugs, and noise. Ambitious new developments to assist people with total sensorineural deafness, including both cochlear and cochleus nuclear implants, require a detailed knowledge of the neural signals received by the brainstem and how these are processed. Recently, many new data have been obtained on the structure and function of the cochlear nucleus utilizing combinations of anatomical, physiological, pharmacological and molecular biological procedures. Approaches such as intracellular dye-filling of physiologically identified neurons, localization of classical neurotransmitters, peptides, receptors and special proteins, or gene expression have opened the door to novel morphofunctional correlations.
Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems
Author: Raymond RomandPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124081088
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563
Book Description
Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems fourth edition presents a global and synthetic view of the main aspects of the development of the stato-acoustic system. Unique to this volume is the joint discussion of two sensory systems that, although close at the embryological stage, present divergences during development and later reveal conspicuous functional differences at the adult stage. This work covers the development of auditory receptors up to the central auditory system from several animal models, including humans. Coverage of the vestibular system, spanning amphibians to effects of altered gravity during development in different species, offers examples of the diversity and complexity of life at all levels, from genes through anatomical form and function to, ultimately, behavior. The new edition of Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems will continue to be an indispensable resource for beginning scientists in this area and experienced researchers alike. - Full-color figures illustrate the development of the stato-acoustic system pathway - Covers a broad range of species, from drosophila to humans, demonstrating the diversity of morphological development despite similarities in molecular processes involved at the cellular level - Discusses a variety of approaches, from genetic-molecular biology to psychophysics, enabling the investigation of ontogenesis and functional development
Pitch
Author: Christopher J. PlackPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387234724
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
Pitch perception can be regarded as one of the main problems of hearing. This book brings together insights from several different methodological areas such as: physiology, psychophysics, comparative, imaging, in addressing a single scientific problem. It provides a useful reference source for graduate students and academics.
Coincidence Detection in the Cochlear Nucleus : Implications for the Coding of Pitch
Author: Grace I. WangPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177
Book Description
The spatio-temporal pattern in the auditory nerve (AN), i.e. the temporal pattern of AN fiber activity across the tonotopic axis, provides cues to important features in sounds such as pitch, loudness, and spatial location. These spatio-temporal cues may be extracted by central neurons in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that receive inputs from AN fibers innervating different cochlear regions and are sensitive to their relative timing. One possible mechanism for this extraction is cross-frequency coincidence detection (CD), in which a central neuron converts the degree of cross-frequency coincidence in the AN into a rate response by preferentially firing when its AN inputs across the tonotopic axis discharge in synchrony. We implemented a CD model receiving AN inputs from varying extents of the tonotopic axis, and compared responses of model CD cells with those of single units recorded in the CN of the anesthetized cat. We used Huffman stimuli, which have flat magnitude spectra and a single phase transition, to systematically manipulate the relative timing across AN fibers and to evaluate the sensitivity of model CD cells and CN units to the spatiotemporal pattern of AN discharges. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we found that certain unit types (primary-like-with-notch and some phase lockers) had responses consistent with cross-frequency CD cell. Some of these CN units provide input to neurons in a binaural circuit that process cues for sound localization and are sensitive to interaural level differences. A possible functional role of a cross-frequency CD mechanism in the CN is to increase the dynamic range of these binaural neurons. However, many other CN units had responses more consistent with AN fibers than with CD cells. We hypothesized that CN units resembling cross-frequency CD cells (as determined by their responses to Huffman stimuli) would convert spatio-temporal cues to pitch in the AN into rate cues that are robust with level. We found that, in response to harmonic complex tones, cross-frequency CD cells and some CN units (primary-like-with-notch and choppers) maintained robust rate cues at high levels compared to AN fibers, suggesting that at least some CN neurons extend the dynamic range of rate representations of pitch beyond that found in AN fibers. However, there was no obvious correlation between robust rate cues in individual CN units and similarity to cross-frequency CD cells as determined by responses to Huffman stimuli. It is likely that a model including more realistic inputs, membrane channels, and spiking mechanism, or other mechanisms such as lateral inhibition or spatial and temporal summation over spatially distributed inputs would provide insight into the neural mechanisms that give rise to the robust rate cues observed in some CN units.
Integrative Functions in the Mammalian Auditory Pathway
Author: Donata OertelPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475736541
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
A summary of how the electrical signals used to represent sounds are encoded and interpreted through the integrated roles of various nuclei. This volume builds on the information about the anatomy and physiology of the auditory pathway found in volumes 1 and 2 of the SHAR series. While the first two volumes describe the structure and function of auditory pathways, this one explains how these pathways lead to an animal's ability to localize and interpret sounds.
Auditory Physiology and Perception
Author: Y. CazalsPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483161056
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 676
Book Description
Auditory Physiology and Perception documents the proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Hearing held in Careens, France, 9-14 June 1991. The aim of the symposium was to promote exchanges between hearing scientists working with different approaches from cell biology to psychology. The volume is organized into 10 parts. Part I contains papers on the biology of inner ear cells. Part II presents studies on auditory periphery functioning. Part III examines frequency selectivity while Part IV contains papers that deal with the subject of pitch. The papers in Part V examine the coding of intensity. Parts VI and VII discuss temporal analyses and spectral shape analysis, respectively. Part VIII takes up spectro-temporal processing. Part IX covers binaural interactions and sound localization. The studies in Part X focus on pathologies, such as the relations between evoked otoacoustic emissions and pure tone audiometry and the effect of short duration acoustic trauma on activity of single neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus. The final chapter of the text is a tribute to Professor Zwicker, a leading scientist in hearing, who passed away some months before the symposium.
The Central Auditory System
Author: Günter EhretPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780195096842
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428
Book Description
This is a graduate-level text on the neurobiology of hearing, covering the structure and function of the central auditory pathway of all mammals.
Programming Cochlear Implants
Author: Jace WolfePublisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 1597567086
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Book Description