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Author: Alexander B. Downes Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457297 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.
Author: Alexander B. Downes Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457297 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.
Author: Juanita Leisch Publisher: Thomas Publications (PA) ISBN: 9780939631704 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 86
Book Description
Provides basic information on indiviuduals, their families and the society and communities in which Americans lived -North and South- at the time of the Civil War.
Author: Toshiyuki Tanaka Publisher: The New Press ISBN: 1595585478 Category : Bombing, Aerial Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
From British bombing in Iraq in the early 1920s to the most recent conflicts in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq and Lebanon, this detailed analysis explores the history of indiscriminate bombing, examining the fundamental questions of how strategies of mass killing originated and have been employed for decades. The book includes contributions from scholars in the US and Europe as well as a bold new argument by Japanese historian Tsuyoshi Hasegawa claiming that it was the Soviet invasion rather than atomic bombing that led to the Japanese surrender of the Pacific.
Author: Steven Cosson Publisher: Playscripts, Incorporated ISBN: Category : Drama Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
Collected for the first time in one volume are six inventive theater pieces created by Obie Award-winning theater company The Civilians. Based on the creative investigation of actual experience, and often intertwined with experimental cabaret, their pieces are boldly theatrical and always unique -- from a story about a Hollywood movie and a lost flock of geese (Canard, Canard, Goose?); to a tale about things lost and found, charting a musical landscape of loss (Gone Missing); to a dark ride through the landscape of American public culture, asking a thorny question: how do we know what we know when everyone in power seems to be lying? ((I Am) Nobody's Lunch). Includes the plays Canard, Canard, Goose? by The Civilians, Gone Missing by The Civilians, (I Am) Nobody's Lunch by The Civilians, The Ladies by Anne Washburn, Paris Commune by Steven Cosson and Michael Friedman, Shadow of Himself by Neal Bell. With a foreword by Oskar Eustis, Artistic Director of the Public Theater.
Author: Seth Lazar Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198712987 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
Killing civilians is worse than killing soldiers. Few moral principles have been more widely and viscerally affirmed. But in recent years it has faced a rising tide of dissent. Seth Lazar aims to turn this tide, and to vindicate international law. He develops new insights into the morality of harm, relevant to everyone interested in the debate.
Author: William G Williams Publisher: Berkley ISBN: 9780425123539 Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
Many books have documented the military repercussions of the Battle of Gettysburg - but never before has an author delved so deeply into what has been a nearly untapped historical resource: the accounts of the town's 2,400 civilians, who became combatants and casualties, spies and stretcher-bearers - eyewitnesses all to this momentous event.
Author: Mark Barnett Publisher: Mark Barnett ISBN: Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Civilians being prepared for war brings security and readiness. Preparation ensures safety measures are in place, reducing panic during crises. It empowers individuals to respond effectively to dangers, potentially saving lives. Being prepared fosters resilience, enabling quicker recovery from disruptions. It offers a sense of control amidst uncertainty, providing peace of mind. Preparedness encourages unity within communities, strengthening support networks during adversity. It allows for swift adaptation to changing situations, minimizing the impact of conflict. Ultimately, readiness enhances the chances of survival and offers a better chance to protect loved ones and rebuild lives in the aftermath of war.
Author: Daniel Rothbart Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136333398 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
This book explores the issue of civilian devastation in modern warfare, focusing on the complex processes that effectively establish civilians’ identity in times of war. Underpinning the physicality of war’s tumult are structural forces that create landscapes of civilian vulnerability. Such forces operate in four sectors of modern warfare: nationalistic ideology, state-sponsored militaries, global media, and international institutions. Each sector promotes its own constructions of civilian identity in relation to militant combatants: constructions that prove lethal to the civilian noncombatant who lacks political power and decision-making capacity with regards to their own survival. Civilians and Modern War provides a critical overview of the plight of civilians in war, examining the political and normative underpinnings of the decisions, actions, policies, and practices of major sectors of war. The contributors seek to undermine the ‘tunnelling effect’ of the militaristic framework regarding the experiences of noncombatants. This book will be of much interest to students of war and conflict studies, ethics, conflict resolution, and IR/Security Studies.
Author: Hugo Slim Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 9780199326549 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This is a book about how civilians suffer in war and why people decide that they should. Most civilian suffering in war is deliberate and always has been. Massacres, rape, displacement, famine and disease are usually designed. They are policies in war. In meetings or on mobile phones, political and military leaders decide that civilians are appropriate or inevitable targets. The principle that unarmed and innocent people should be protected in war is an ancient, precious but fragile idea. Today, the principle of civilian immunity is enshrined in modern international law and cherished by many. But, in practice, leaders in most wars reject the principle. Using detailed historical and contemporary examples, Killing Civilians looks at the many ways in which civilians suffer in wars and analyses the main anti-civilian ideologies which insist upon such suffering. It also exposes the very real ambiguity in much civilian identity which is used to justify extreme hostility. But this is also, above all, a book about why civilians should be protected. Throughout its pages, Killing Civilians argues for a morality of limited warfare in which tolerance, mercy and restraint are used to draw boundaries to violence. At the heart of the book are important new frameworks for understanding patterns of civilian suffering, ideologies of violence and strategies for promoting the protection of civilians. This is the first major treatment of the hard questions of civilian identity and protection in war for many years. Written by one of the humanitarian world's leading thinkers and former aid worker, it provides a unique and accessible text on the subject for professional and public readerships alike.
Author: Alexander B. Downes
Author: Alexander B. Downes
Author: Juanita Leisch
Author: Toshiyuki Tanaka
Author: Steven Cosson
Author: Seth Lazar
Author: William G Williams
Author: Mark Barnett
Author: Peter Feaver
Author: Daniel Rothbart
Author: Hugo Slim