Who Were the Cimmerians, and where Did They Come From? PDF Download

Author: Anne Katrine Gade Kristensen
Publisher: Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab
ISBN: 9788773041918
Category : Cimmerians
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Kelly Mass
Publisher: Efalon Acies
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 23

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Book Description
Cimmeria, a bygone landmass comprising a series of microcontinents or terranes, detached from Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere and merged with Eurasia in the Northern Hemisphere. Its expanse encompassed Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tibet, China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. During the Carboniferous-early Permian period, Cimmeria separated from the Gondwanan coastlines along the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and, as the Neo-Tethys Ocean emerged behind, the Paleo-Tethys Ocean closed in the Permian. Cimmeria's rift from Gondwana extended from Australia to the eastern Mediterranean, traversing diverse latitudes and climatic zones. In 1883, Austrian paleontologist Melchior Neumayr proposed the concept of a "large, ancient Mediterranean Sea." Analyzing Jurassic faunas, he envisioned an equatorial ocean spanning from India to Central America, separating a substantial northern hemisphere continent from its southern counterpart. Eduard Suess, an Austrian geologist, named this ocean Tethys, differentiating Gondwanaland and a boreal continent. Alfred Wegener, a German geophysicist, presented Pangea as a unified global continent, challenging the idea of an equatorial ocean. Nevertheless, Samuel Warren Carey, an Australian geologist, suggested a wedge-shaped Tethys within Pangea in 1958. Eventually, Cimmeria emerged as a collection of waters divided by north-migrating terranes or continental blocks.

Author: Max Duncker
Publisher: DigiCat
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1635

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"The History of Antiquity" in 6 volumes is one of the best-known works by historian Max Duncker. The author's object in regard to the ancient East was not to retrace the beginning of human civilization, but rather to understand and establish the value and extent of those early phases of civilization to which the entire development of the human race goes back. The narrative embraces the independent civilizations of the ancient East which came to exercise a mutual influence on each other. First it follows the realm on the Nile and the kingdoms of Hither Asia as far as the point where the nations of Iran began to influence their destinies, and then it attempts to set forth the peculiar development of the Aryan tribes in the valleys of the Indus and the Ganges, down to the times of Tshandragupta and Asoka. Then follows the history of the Bactrians, the Medes, and the Persians, until the period when the nations of the table-land of Iran were united by Cyrus and Darius with the countries of Western Asia, when Aryan life and Aryan civilization gained the supremacy over the whole region from Ceylon to the Nile and the Hellespont. The forms of life at which the great empires of Asia had arrived are finally brought face to face with the more youthful civilization attained by the Hellenes in their mountain cantons. This new development is followed down to the first great shock when East and West met in conflict, and the Achaemenids sought to crush the Hellenes under the weight of Asia. With the failure of this attempt "The History of Antiquity" concludes. This carefully crafted DigiCat ebook is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.

Author: Max Duncker
Publisher: Good Press
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1635

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Book Description
In 'The History of the Ancient Civilizations' by Max Duncker, readers are presented with a comprehensive exploration of various ancient civilizations from a scholarly perspective. Duncker's detailed analysis of the rise and fall of these civilizations, including their religious beliefs, social structures, and political systems, offers readers a deeper understanding of the complexities of ancient societies. Written in a clear and engaging style, this book serves as a valuable resource for anyone interested in history and anthropology, providing a thorough overview of key events and developments in ancient civilizations. Duncker's approach to storytelling is both informative and captivating, making this book a must-read for enthusiasts of ancient history. Max Duncker's background as a renowned historian and scholar gives him the expertise needed to craft this insightful and well-researched book. His passion for unraveling the mysteries of the past is evident throughout the pages, as he delves into the intricacies of ancient civilizations with precision and expertise. With its meticulous research and engaging narrative, 'The History of the Ancient Civilizations' is a compelling read that will broaden readers' knowledge and appreciation of the ancient world, making it a valuable addition to any history lover's bookshelf.

Author: Gabriele Esposito
Publisher: Pen and Sword Military
ISBN: 139904737X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
The Scythians were a horse nomads from the central Eurasian steppes who migrated south and west into the region around the Black Sea from the seventh century BC which they dominated until replaced and absorbed by the very similar Sarmatians from the third century BC. A harsh life spent riding, herding and hunting on the steppes made them into tough warriors, and highly skilled horsemen and archers. Their armies were highly mobile, mostly comprising swift mounted archers capable of elusive hit-and-run attacks but with the wealthier warriors constituting a core of heavier cavalry, armored and equipped for close combat. Over hundreds of years the Scythians fought, and often defeated, such notable opponents as the Assyrians, Medes, Persians, Greeks and Macedonians. Their Sarmatian successors continued the tradition, being among the Romans’ most dangerous opponents for several centuries. Gabriele Esposito discusses these remarkable warriors of the steppes, analysing what made them such formidable opponents to their neighbours over the centuries. He describes in detail their weapons, armor, equipment and tactics as they evolved over the centuries. The fascinating text is supported by dozens of beautiful color photographs of replica costume, arms and equipment in use.

Author: Barthold Georg Niebuhr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History, Ancient
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Author: Barthold Georg Niebyhr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greece
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Author: Barthold Georg Niebuhr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History, Ancient
Languages : en
Pages : 406

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Book Description

Author: Gocha R. Tsetskhladze
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1784911933
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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Book Description
Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Belgrade - 17-21 September 2013). The theme of the congress included archaeological, historical, linguistic, anthropological, geographical and other investigations across the huge area through which the Argonauts passed in seeking to return from Colchis.

Author: Edward Francis Frémaux De Beixedon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Book Description
David Rogers, 1748-1829, lived in Connecticut and New York City.