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Author: Stephen Morillo Publisher: Boydell Press ISBN: 9781843830504 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Recent research on the Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, Viking and Angevin worlds of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The latest volume presents recent research on the Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, Viking and Angevin worlds of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Its ten papers includes articles on the origins of the Cistercian order, the coronationof Mathilda of Flanders, the rebel Owain ap Cadwgan, miracle stories and the anarchy of Stephen's reign, miracles at Sempringham, family and inheritance in the twelfth century, and contemporary views of secular clergy. Contributors: CONSTANCE BERMAN, LAURA GATHAGAN, DAVID CROUCH, CLAIRE DE TRAFFORD, K.L. MAUND, EDMUND KING, RICHARD SHERMAN, HUGH THOMAS, MARYLOU RUUD, JOHN COTTS, RALPH TURNER.
Author: Constance Hoffman Berman Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 0812200799 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 407
Book Description
According to the received history, the Cistercian order was founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098 by a group of Benedictine monks who wished for a stricter community. They sought a monastic life that called for extreme asceticism, rejection of feudal revenues, and manual labor for monks. Their third leader, Stephen Harding, issued a constitution, the Carta Caritatis, that called for the uniformity of custom in all Cistercian monasteries and the establishment of an annual general chapter meeting at Cîteaux. The Cistercian order grew phenomenally in the mid-twelfth century, reaching beyond France to Portugal in the west, Sweden in the north, and the eastern Mediterranean, ostensibly through a process of apostolic gestation, whereby members of a motherhouse would go forth to establish a new house. The abbey at Clairvaux, founded by Bernard in 1115, was alone responsible for founding 68 of the 338 Cistercian abbeys in existence by 1153. But this well-established view of a centrally organized order whose founders envisioned the shape and form of a religious order at its prime is not borne out in the historical record. Through an investigation of early Cistercian documents, Constance Hoffman Berman proves that no reliable reference to Stephen's Carta Caritatis appears before the mid-twelfth century, and that the document is more likely to date from 1165 than from 1119. The implications of this fact are profound. Instead of being a charter by which more than 300 Cistercian houses were set up by a central authority, the document becomes a means of bringing under centralized administrative control a large number of loosely affiliated and already existing monastic houses of monks as well as nuns who shared Cistercian customs. The likely reason for this administrative structuring was to check the influence of the overdominant house of Clairvaux, which threatened the authority of Cîteaux through Bernard's highly successful creation of new monastic communities. For centuries the growth of the Cistercian order has been presented as a spontaneous spirituality that swept western Europe through the power of the first house at Cîteaux. Berman suggests instead that the creation of the religious order was a collaborative activity, less driven by centralized institutions; its formation was intended to solve practical problems about monastic administration. With the publication of The Cistercian Evolution, for the first time the mechanisms are revealed by which the monks of Cîteaux reshaped fact to build and administer one of the most powerful and influential religious orders of the Middle Ages.
Author: DR GORDON M. REYNOLDS Publisher: Boydell & Brewer ISBN: 1837652244 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Considers how elite women could participate in Crusade, their means and motivations. The popular perception of the medieval Crusades is of conflicts spanning from the Holy Land to the Baltic, with huge armies of religious zealots led by knights wearing crosses. However, the reality is far more nuanced. The vast majority of those living in western Europe did not go on crusade at all. But that does not mean that crusading was not on their minds, or that they could not influence the movement. They urged others to take up the cross, provided financial support, and prayed for the campaigns in the Holy Land; for them, this was crusade. This book investigates how English laywomen were encouraged to support crusades and identify with holy war during the Middle Ages, challenging preconceptions of what crusade "meant", and bringing out the diverse ways of their participation. It draws on detailed analysis of cartularies, judicial records, chronicles and lyrical sources; it also examines the rich material culture of commemoration that celebrated the endeavour, alongside the papal propaganda which idealised women's sponsorship of crusade. This study therefore sheds new light not only on the role of women in crusade, but on their influence and piety more generally.
Author: David M. Smith Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139428926 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 802
Book Description
This book is a continuation of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales 940–1216, edited by Knowles, Brooke and London (1972), continuing the lists from 1216 to 1377, arranged by religious order. An introduction examines critically the sources on which they are based.
Author: Hugh M. Thomas Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 1512807885 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
In recent decades, works of the gentry have revolutionized out understanding of late medieval and early modern England. In Vassals, Heiresses, Crusaders, and Thugs, Hugh M. Thomas takes the study of the gentry back to the period 1154-1216. His conclusions not only reveal remarkable similarities between the gentry of various periods but also shed light on the massive changes that transformed England in the Angevin Period.
Author: Joseph McNulty
Author: Joseph McNulty
Author: Joseph McNulty
Author: Joseph Mcnulty
Author: Yorkshire Archaeological Society
Author: Stephen Morillo
Author: Constance Hoffman Berman
Author: DR GORDON M. REYNOLDS
Author: R. A. Donkin
Author: David M. Smith
Author: Hugh M. Thomas