Author: America's Test Kitchen
Publisher: America's Test Kitchen
ISBN: 1948703513
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 601
Book Description
The ultimate cookbook for anyone eating gluten free Combines two landmark cookbooks--New York Times bestselling The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook and The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook: Volume 2--into one must-have resource. Here are 350+ must-have recipes that raised the bar on gluten-free cooking and baking with foolproof techniques for great-tasting lasagna, fried chicken, cookies, biscuits, and more. PLUS find a new generation of whole-grain recipes perfected using ATK's revolutionary Whole-Grain Gluten-Free Flour Blend, bringing "wheaty" flavor to baked goods from Sandwich Bread to Cherry Crisp and Chocolate Chip Cookies. We also offer 75 dairy-free variations and include an expanded troubleshooting chart for what can go wrong in gluten-free baking, over 600 full-color photos, a chapter on Grains, and detailed nutritionals for every recipe. We also give you information on the best supermarket gluten-free breads and pasta, including all-new information on legume pastas. Standout Recipes from the First Best-Seller Include: Old-Fashioned Birthday Cake: A little melted white chocolate makes the cake tender and moist. Extra-Crunchy Fried Chicken: Our kitchen developed a coating so crisp you can hear the crunch Flaky, Tender Pie Crust: A spoonful of vinegar helps GF flours create just the right structure. Real Sandwich Bread: Forget squat slices; psyllium, eggs, and a foil collar are the keys to real bread. New York-Style Pizza: Ground almonds give the crust just the right chew and promote browning. Plus from Volume 2: More than 150 recipes from muffins to casseroles to yeast breads to desserts Exciting recipes such as chicken Parmesan, baguettes, yeasted doughnuts, scones, sprouted grain bread, flourless nut and seed bread, and lemon layer cake Many dairy-free variations of baked goods using alternate diary products Baking recipes using the ATK All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Blend (equivalent to all-purpose flour) in cookies, bars, muffins, scones, cakes, and breads Nutritional information for every recipe Customer Review: "I am loving this cookbook. It is so clearly written and the directions are very precise. It is fantastic to be able to make bread again - and it is delicious. I love the options for flour - you can make your own flour for the best results or you can buy a GF flour. Definitely give the homemade flour a try at some point. I can't wait to try other recipes but right now I am focused on making bread."
How Can It Be Gluten Free Cookbook Collection
Author: America's Test Kitchen
Publisher: America's Test Kitchen
ISBN: 1948703513
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 601
Book Description
The ultimate cookbook for anyone eating gluten free Combines two landmark cookbooks--New York Times bestselling The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook and The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook: Volume 2--into one must-have resource. Here are 350+ must-have recipes that raised the bar on gluten-free cooking and baking with foolproof techniques for great-tasting lasagna, fried chicken, cookies, biscuits, and more. PLUS find a new generation of whole-grain recipes perfected using ATK's revolutionary Whole-Grain Gluten-Free Flour Blend, bringing "wheaty" flavor to baked goods from Sandwich Bread to Cherry Crisp and Chocolate Chip Cookies. We also offer 75 dairy-free variations and include an expanded troubleshooting chart for what can go wrong in gluten-free baking, over 600 full-color photos, a chapter on Grains, and detailed nutritionals for every recipe. We also give you information on the best supermarket gluten-free breads and pasta, including all-new information on legume pastas. Standout Recipes from the First Best-Seller Include: Old-Fashioned Birthday Cake: A little melted white chocolate makes the cake tender and moist. Extra-Crunchy Fried Chicken: Our kitchen developed a coating so crisp you can hear the crunch Flaky, Tender Pie Crust: A spoonful of vinegar helps GF flours create just the right structure. Real Sandwich Bread: Forget squat slices; psyllium, eggs, and a foil collar are the keys to real bread. New York-Style Pizza: Ground almonds give the crust just the right chew and promote browning. Plus from Volume 2: More than 150 recipes from muffins to casseroles to yeast breads to desserts Exciting recipes such as chicken Parmesan, baguettes, yeasted doughnuts, scones, sprouted grain bread, flourless nut and seed bread, and lemon layer cake Many dairy-free variations of baked goods using alternate diary products Baking recipes using the ATK All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Blend (equivalent to all-purpose flour) in cookies, bars, muffins, scones, cakes, and breads Nutritional information for every recipe Customer Review: "I am loving this cookbook. It is so clearly written and the directions are very precise. It is fantastic to be able to make bread again - and it is delicious. I love the options for flour - you can make your own flour for the best results or you can buy a GF flour. Definitely give the homemade flour a try at some point. I can't wait to try other recipes but right now I am focused on making bread."
Publisher: America's Test Kitchen
ISBN: 1948703513
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 601
Book Description
The ultimate cookbook for anyone eating gluten free Combines two landmark cookbooks--New York Times bestselling The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook and The How Can It Be Gluten-Free Cookbook: Volume 2--into one must-have resource. Here are 350+ must-have recipes that raised the bar on gluten-free cooking and baking with foolproof techniques for great-tasting lasagna, fried chicken, cookies, biscuits, and more. PLUS find a new generation of whole-grain recipes perfected using ATK's revolutionary Whole-Grain Gluten-Free Flour Blend, bringing "wheaty" flavor to baked goods from Sandwich Bread to Cherry Crisp and Chocolate Chip Cookies. We also offer 75 dairy-free variations and include an expanded troubleshooting chart for what can go wrong in gluten-free baking, over 600 full-color photos, a chapter on Grains, and detailed nutritionals for every recipe. We also give you information on the best supermarket gluten-free breads and pasta, including all-new information on legume pastas. Standout Recipes from the First Best-Seller Include: Old-Fashioned Birthday Cake: A little melted white chocolate makes the cake tender and moist. Extra-Crunchy Fried Chicken: Our kitchen developed a coating so crisp you can hear the crunch Flaky, Tender Pie Crust: A spoonful of vinegar helps GF flours create just the right structure. Real Sandwich Bread: Forget squat slices; psyllium, eggs, and a foil collar are the keys to real bread. New York-Style Pizza: Ground almonds give the crust just the right chew and promote browning. Plus from Volume 2: More than 150 recipes from muffins to casseroles to yeast breads to desserts Exciting recipes such as chicken Parmesan, baguettes, yeasted doughnuts, scones, sprouted grain bread, flourless nut and seed bread, and lemon layer cake Many dairy-free variations of baked goods using alternate diary products Baking recipes using the ATK All-Purpose Gluten-Free Flour Blend (equivalent to all-purpose flour) in cookies, bars, muffins, scones, cakes, and breads Nutritional information for every recipe Customer Review: "I am loving this cookbook. It is so clearly written and the directions are very precise. It is fantastic to be able to make bread again - and it is delicious. I love the options for flour - you can make your own flour for the best results or you can buy a GF flour. Definitely give the homemade flour a try at some point. I can't wait to try other recipes but right now I am focused on making bread."
Gluten is my Bitch
Author: April Peveteaux
Publisher: Abrams
ISBN: 161312483X
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
A brutally honest, deliciously irreverent, and “highly entertaining” guide to living a happy, healthy, gluten-free life—with twenty new recipes (New Yorker). As the eighteen million gluten-intolerants and three million celiac disease sufferers in the United States can attest, living gluten-free isn’t always easy—nor it is a lot of fun. Good thing author April Peveteaux has at least managed to make it funny. Known to many as the Chelsea Handler of the gluten-free set, April employs her unique sense of humor to provide the perfect guide to navigating a gluten-free life. In addition to her hysterical wisdom, she offers 40 gluten-free comfort food recipes that will make even the most frustrated gluten-intolerant smile with relief.
Publisher: Abrams
ISBN: 161312483X
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
A brutally honest, deliciously irreverent, and “highly entertaining” guide to living a happy, healthy, gluten-free life—with twenty new recipes (New Yorker). As the eighteen million gluten-intolerants and three million celiac disease sufferers in the United States can attest, living gluten-free isn’t always easy—nor it is a lot of fun. Good thing author April Peveteaux has at least managed to make it funny. Known to many as the Chelsea Handler of the gluten-free set, April employs her unique sense of humor to provide the perfect guide to navigating a gluten-free life. In addition to her hysterical wisdom, she offers 40 gluten-free comfort food recipes that will make even the most frustrated gluten-intolerant smile with relief.
The Gluten Free Cookbook for Families
Author: Pamela Ellgen
Publisher: Rockridge Press
ISBN: 9781623157845
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Cooking for a family with varying dietary restrictions can be a challenge--especially if one of the restrictions is gluten, which is in many of our favorite foods. It's easy to find yourself cooking one thing for your gluten-free eater and another for everyone else. And it's even easier to find yourself giving in to those expensive, processed foods in the gluten-free aisle of your grocery store. The author shares her family-friendly gluten-free solutions with you! Enjoy the simple, healthy, budget-friendly recipes in this gluten-free cookbook that meet your gluten-free eater's dietary needs while meeting everyone's craving for scrumptious home cooking.
Publisher: Rockridge Press
ISBN: 9781623157845
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Cooking for a family with varying dietary restrictions can be a challenge--especially if one of the restrictions is gluten, which is in many of our favorite foods. It's easy to find yourself cooking one thing for your gluten-free eater and another for everyone else. And it's even easier to find yourself giving in to those expensive, processed foods in the gluten-free aisle of your grocery store. The author shares her family-friendly gluten-free solutions with you! Enjoy the simple, healthy, budget-friendly recipes in this gluten-free cookbook that meet your gluten-free eater's dietary needs while meeting everyone's craving for scrumptious home cooking.
The Everything Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Cookbook
Author: Audrey Roberts
Publisher: Everything
ISBN: 1507211287
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
“It’s a must-have kitchen staple that’s filled with family favorites.” —BBC Good Food 300 gluten- and dairy-free recipes from popular food blogger Audrey Roberts to reset your eating habits to live a healthier life. Millions of people now suffer from celiac disease and food sensitivity. But switching to a diet without gluten or dairy not only benefits those with gluten sensitivity or lactose intolerance, but benefits anyone who needs more energy, wants to lose weight, or simply craves a much healthier lifestyle. And now cooking without them is simple! You no longer need to give up the foods you love because with easy substitutions, some creative cooking, and the recipes in this book, you will still enjoy all your favorite foods. The Everything Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Cookbook includes 300 gluten- and dairy-free recipes that your whole family will enjoy—from eggs benedict casserole to coconut cream pie. These easy and delicious recipes make it painless to start living a healthier life and feel better. Audrey Roberts, founder of the popular food blog Mama Knows Gluten Free, teaches you how to make the most satisfying recipes from breakfast to dinner and snacks in between meals. The Everything Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Cookbook makes it easy to meet your family’s dietary needs while keeping them happy and healthy.
Publisher: Everything
ISBN: 1507211287
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
“It’s a must-have kitchen staple that’s filled with family favorites.” —BBC Good Food 300 gluten- and dairy-free recipes from popular food blogger Audrey Roberts to reset your eating habits to live a healthier life. Millions of people now suffer from celiac disease and food sensitivity. But switching to a diet without gluten or dairy not only benefits those with gluten sensitivity or lactose intolerance, but benefits anyone who needs more energy, wants to lose weight, or simply craves a much healthier lifestyle. And now cooking without them is simple! You no longer need to give up the foods you love because with easy substitutions, some creative cooking, and the recipes in this book, you will still enjoy all your favorite foods. The Everything Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Cookbook includes 300 gluten- and dairy-free recipes that your whole family will enjoy—from eggs benedict casserole to coconut cream pie. These easy and delicious recipes make it painless to start living a healthier life and feel better. Audrey Roberts, founder of the popular food blog Mama Knows Gluten Free, teaches you how to make the most satisfying recipes from breakfast to dinner and snacks in between meals. The Everything Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Cookbook makes it easy to meet your family’s dietary needs while keeping them happy and healthy.
The Gluten-Free Cookbook
Author: Cristian Broglia
Publisher: Phaidon Press
ISBN: 9781838663131
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
One of the fastest growing dietary movements now has its first comprehensive guide to enjoying hundreds of naturally gluten-free recipes from around the world This ground-breaking book proves that eating gluten-free should never limit you on taste or culinary curiosity. With 350 naturally gluten-free recipes drawing from the broadest range of international food cultures, The Gluten-Free Cookbook brings home healthy cooking to an audience that is growing exponentially every day. This gorgeous book spotlights everyday dishes from more than 80 countries - showcasing the diversity of recipes that are deliciously gluten-free by design, rather than being reliant on ingredient substitutions. From breakfast to dinner and dessert (and everything in between), these are easy-to-use recipes for any time of day, making this an essential resource and a must-have reference. Gluten-free food has millions of fans and followers, with that number continuing to grow exponentially with our increased awareness of its health and dietary benefits and advantages. Expand your culinary repertoire, whether you are on a gluten-free diet or are simply looking to experiment with gluten-free menu options, with hundreds of recipes from around the globe, including Stewed Fava Beans (Egypt), Summer Rolls (Vietnam), Pea & Ham Soup (UK), Shrimp & Grits (US), Steak with Chimichurri Sauce (Argentina), Bibimbap (Korea), Pavlova (Australia), and Vanilla Flan (Mexico).
Publisher: Phaidon Press
ISBN: 9781838663131
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
One of the fastest growing dietary movements now has its first comprehensive guide to enjoying hundreds of naturally gluten-free recipes from around the world This ground-breaking book proves that eating gluten-free should never limit you on taste or culinary curiosity. With 350 naturally gluten-free recipes drawing from the broadest range of international food cultures, The Gluten-Free Cookbook brings home healthy cooking to an audience that is growing exponentially every day. This gorgeous book spotlights everyday dishes from more than 80 countries - showcasing the diversity of recipes that are deliciously gluten-free by design, rather than being reliant on ingredient substitutions. From breakfast to dinner and dessert (and everything in between), these are easy-to-use recipes for any time of day, making this an essential resource and a must-have reference. Gluten-free food has millions of fans and followers, with that number continuing to grow exponentially with our increased awareness of its health and dietary benefits and advantages. Expand your culinary repertoire, whether you are on a gluten-free diet or are simply looking to experiment with gluten-free menu options, with hundreds of recipes from around the globe, including Stewed Fava Beans (Egypt), Summer Rolls (Vietnam), Pea & Ham Soup (UK), Shrimp & Grits (US), Steak with Chimichurri Sauce (Argentina), Bibimbap (Korea), Pavlova (Australia), and Vanilla Flan (Mexico).
The Gluten-Free Cookbook
Author: Heather Whinney
Publisher: DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley)
ISBN: 9781405394314
Category : Gluten-free diet
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
An indispensable everyday recipe book for people with coeliac disease and other gluten intolerances The Gluten-Free Cookbookproves that eating can still be one of life's great pleasures, even when you have to cut out wheat, rye and barley - enjoy over 230 recipes that are gluten-free and delicious. Each recipe has been carefully tested and includes a full nutritional breakdown so you can enjoy a diet that is healthy and balanced without compromising on flavour. Also features a full guide to gluten-containing foods with a list of gluten-free alternatives, creative ideas on storecupboard essentials and advice on how to tackle dinner parties and eating out. Plus step by steps on gluten-free baking help you to bake perfect bread and cakes, work with pastry and make your own pasta. The Gluten-Free Cookbook includes everything you need to have a delicious and varied diet while staying gluten-free and healthy.
Publisher: DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley)
ISBN: 9781405394314
Category : Gluten-free diet
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
An indispensable everyday recipe book for people with coeliac disease and other gluten intolerances The Gluten-Free Cookbookproves that eating can still be one of life's great pleasures, even when you have to cut out wheat, rye and barley - enjoy over 230 recipes that are gluten-free and delicious. Each recipe has been carefully tested and includes a full nutritional breakdown so you can enjoy a diet that is healthy and balanced without compromising on flavour. Also features a full guide to gluten-containing foods with a list of gluten-free alternatives, creative ideas on storecupboard essentials and advice on how to tackle dinner parties and eating out. Plus step by steps on gluten-free baking help you to bake perfect bread and cakes, work with pastry and make your own pasta. The Gluten-Free Cookbook includes everything you need to have a delicious and varied diet while staying gluten-free and healthy.
The Gluten-Free Almond Flour Cookbook
Author: Elana Amsterdam
Publisher: Celestial Arts
ISBN: 1607745402
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Book Description
99 family-friendly gluten-free recipes for breafast, dinner, and dessert. The prevalence of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity among millions of adults and children has created the need for gluten-free recipes that are as nutritious and tasty as their traditional counterparts. Popular food blogger Elana Amsterdam offers ninety-nine family-friendly classics—from Pancakes to Eggplant Parmesan to Chocolate Cake—that feature her gluten-free ingredient of choice, almond flour. Because these recipes are low glycemic, low in cholesterol and dairy, and high in protein and fiber, they are also ideal for people with diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. So whether you’re looking for a quick breakfast treat, a comfort food entrée, or a showstopping dessert, The Gluten-Free Almond Flour Cookbook proves that gluten-free cooking can mean healthy eating for everyone.
Publisher: Celestial Arts
ISBN: 1607745402
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Book Description
99 family-friendly gluten-free recipes for breafast, dinner, and dessert. The prevalence of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity among millions of adults and children has created the need for gluten-free recipes that are as nutritious and tasty as their traditional counterparts. Popular food blogger Elana Amsterdam offers ninety-nine family-friendly classics—from Pancakes to Eggplant Parmesan to Chocolate Cake—that feature her gluten-free ingredient of choice, almond flour. Because these recipes are low glycemic, low in cholesterol and dairy, and high in protein and fiber, they are also ideal for people with diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. So whether you’re looking for a quick breakfast treat, a comfort food entrée, or a showstopping dessert, The Gluten-Free Almond Flour Cookbook proves that gluten-free cooking can mean healthy eating for everyone.
Gluten Free Cookbook for Beginners
Author: Jessica Kirk
Publisher: Rockridge Press
ISBN: 9781648765049
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Book Description
Your all-in-one beginner's guide to delicious gluten free eating Great gluten free cooking doesn't have to involve expensive specialty products, and gluten free baking doesn't have to be dense and dry. Whether you recently found out you have a gluten sensitivity, or you're just looking to eat a diet with less gluten, start your journey off on the right foot with The Gluten-Free Cookbook for Beginners. Discover delicious versions of beloved comfort foods your whole family can enjoy, as well as fresh options for salads and other plant-based choices. There's even a 7-day meal plan to get you started. This collection of helpful advice and go-to recipes will make it stress free to go gluten free. This top choice in gluten free cookbooks includes: Tips, tricks, and advice--Get expert guidance for stocking your gluten free pantry, finding alternatives for your favorite ingredients, eating out, and beyond. 101 Craveable recipes--Dig in to old and new favorites made gluten free, like Easy Breakfast Tacos, Pepperoni Pizza Bites, Grilled Caesar Salad, Garlic-Avocado Pasta, Chicken Pot Pie, Decadent Chocolate Cake, and more. Plenty of easy options--Handy labels help you find one-pot, 5-ingredient, and 30-minute-or-less recipes, as well as choices for dietary needs like nut- and dairy-free. Explore the world of gluten free cooking at home with The Gluten-Free Cookbook for Beginners.
Publisher: Rockridge Press
ISBN: 9781648765049
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Book Description
Your all-in-one beginner's guide to delicious gluten free eating Great gluten free cooking doesn't have to involve expensive specialty products, and gluten free baking doesn't have to be dense and dry. Whether you recently found out you have a gluten sensitivity, or you're just looking to eat a diet with less gluten, start your journey off on the right foot with The Gluten-Free Cookbook for Beginners. Discover delicious versions of beloved comfort foods your whole family can enjoy, as well as fresh options for salads and other plant-based choices. There's even a 7-day meal plan to get you started. This collection of helpful advice and go-to recipes will make it stress free to go gluten free. This top choice in gluten free cookbooks includes: Tips, tricks, and advice--Get expert guidance for stocking your gluten free pantry, finding alternatives for your favorite ingredients, eating out, and beyond. 101 Craveable recipes--Dig in to old and new favorites made gluten free, like Easy Breakfast Tacos, Pepperoni Pizza Bites, Grilled Caesar Salad, Garlic-Avocado Pasta, Chicken Pot Pie, Decadent Chocolate Cake, and more. Plenty of easy options--Handy labels help you find one-pot, 5-ingredient, and 30-minute-or-less recipes, as well as choices for dietary needs like nut- and dairy-free. Explore the world of gluten free cooking at home with The Gluten-Free Cookbook for Beginners.
Wheat-Free, Gluten-Free Cookbook for Kids and Busy Adults
Author: Connie Sarros
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 9780071423748
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
"One out of every 133 people in the United States has celiac disease. And countless others are giving up wheat for general health concerns. These books provide taste-tested recipes for delicious meals and desserts that are all wheat-and gluten-free."--Publisher description.
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 9780071423748
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
"One out of every 133 people in the United States has celiac disease. And countless others are giving up wheat for general health concerns. These books provide taste-tested recipes for delicious meals and desserts that are all wheat-and gluten-free."--Publisher description.
The Gluten-Free Asian Kitchen
Author: Laura B. Russell
Publisher: Celestial Arts
ISBN: 1587613670
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
For the estimated three million Americans suffering from Celiac disease, wheat allergies, and severe gluten sensitivities, Asian food is usually off-limits because its signature ingredients—noodles, soy sauce, and oyster sauce—typically contain wheat. In the Gluten-Free Asian Kitchen, food writer Laura B. Russell shows home cooks how to convert the vibrant cuisines of China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam into gluten-free favorites. Authentically flavored dishes such as Crispy Spring Rolls, Gingery Pork Pot Stickers, Korean Green Onion Pancakes, Soba Noodles with Stir-Fried Shiitake Mushrooms, Salt and Pepper Squid, and Pork Tonkatsu will be delicious additions to any gluten-free repertoire. Along with sharing approachable and delicious recipes, Russell demystifies Asian ingredients and helps readers navigate the grocery store. Beautifully photographed and designed for easy weeknight eating, this unique cookbook’s wide range of dishes from a variety of Asian cuisines will appeal to the discriminating tastes of today’s gluten-free cooks.
Publisher: Celestial Arts
ISBN: 1587613670
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
For the estimated three million Americans suffering from Celiac disease, wheat allergies, and severe gluten sensitivities, Asian food is usually off-limits because its signature ingredients—noodles, soy sauce, and oyster sauce—typically contain wheat. In the Gluten-Free Asian Kitchen, food writer Laura B. Russell shows home cooks how to convert the vibrant cuisines of China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam into gluten-free favorites. Authentically flavored dishes such as Crispy Spring Rolls, Gingery Pork Pot Stickers, Korean Green Onion Pancakes, Soba Noodles with Stir-Fried Shiitake Mushrooms, Salt and Pepper Squid, and Pork Tonkatsu will be delicious additions to any gluten-free repertoire. Along with sharing approachable and delicious recipes, Russell demystifies Asian ingredients and helps readers navigate the grocery store. Beautifully photographed and designed for easy weeknight eating, this unique cookbook’s wide range of dishes from a variety of Asian cuisines will appeal to the discriminating tastes of today’s gluten-free cooks.