Business and the State in Developing Countries PDF Download

Author: Sylvia Maxfield
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501731971
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Book Description
Much of the debate about development in the past decade pitted proponents of unfettered markets against advocates of developmental states. Yet, in many developing countries what best explains variations in economic performance is not markets or states but rather the character of relations between business and government. The studies in Business and the State in Developing Countries identify a range of close, collaborative relations between bureaucrats and capitalists that enhance elements of economic performance and defy conventional expectations that such relations lead ineluctably to rent-seeking, corruption, and collusion. All based on extensive field research, the essays contrast collaborative and collusive relations in a wide range of developing countries, mostly in Latin America and Asia, and isolate the conditions under which collaboration is most likely to emerge and survive. The contributors highlight the crucial roles played by capable bureaucracies and strong business associations.

Author: Harland Prechel
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 0791492494
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description
In Big Business and the State Harland Prechel develops a conceptual framework that contrasts with prevailing definitions of the corporation. His analysis shows that corporate property rights and the legal basis of ownership are crucial to understanding corporate behavior. The book examines how historical transitions affected the three most significant corporate transformations in the last 110 years (1880s–1900s, 1920s–1930s, 1980s–1990s). During each period, in response to economic crisis, big business engaged in political behavior to pressure state managers to realign the institutional arrangements in which corporations were embedded. The historical multicausal method shows that economic crisis, managerial inefficiencies, dependence on external capital markets, and the political processes of redefining corporate property rights and corporate tax laws are crucial to understanding corporate transformation.

Author: Ronald W Cox
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429723741
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Book Description
Challenging the traditional notion that state officials act autonomously in formulating and implementing international policy, the contributors to this volume argue that the influence of organized business groups has been consistently underestimated in recent decades. Each uses a "business conflict" model of state-society relations as a new paradig

Author: Kunal Sen
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135129061
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Book Description
When the state and business interact effectively they can promote a more efficient allocation of scarce resources, appropriate industrial policy and a more effective and prioritised removal of key obstacles to growth, than when the two sides fail to co-operate or engage in harmful collusion. This book, based on original empirical research undertaken in Africa and India, addresses what constitutes the effectiveness of state-business relations, what explains their formation and evolution over time and whether effective state-business relations matter for economic performance. Analysing the effects of state-business relations on economic performance at both the macro and micro levels, the book concludes that where effective state-business relations are established – either through formal or informal institutional patterns and relationships – the growth effects are generally positive. Establishing, sustaining and renewing effective state-business relations are political processes. The better organized the business community and the government are for purposes of such relations, the more effective state-business relations will be in negotiating growth enhancing policies. The book is of interest to researchers in the fields of development studies, management, economics and political science.

Author: Patrick Alan Pierce
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN: 9781588262684
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
Examines the dramatic growth of legal gambling in the United States--and the shifting and often contentious politics accompanying its spread.

Author: Aldo Musacchio
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674419596
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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Book Description
The wave of liberalization that swept world markets in the 1980s and 90s altered the ways that governments manage their economies. Reinventing State Capitalism analyzes the rise of new species of state capitalism in which governments interact with private investors either as majority or minority shareholders in publicly-traded corporations or as financial backers of purely private firms (the so-called “national champions”). Focusing on a detailed quantitative assessment of Brazil’s economic performance from 1976 to 2009, Aldo Musacchio and Sergio Lazzarini examine how these models of state capitalism influence corporate investment and performance. According to one model, the state acts as a majority investor, granting the state-owned enterprise (SOE) financial autonomy and allowing professional management. This form, the authors argue, has reduced many agency problems commonly faced by state ownership. According to another hybrid model, the state uses sovereign wealth funds, holding companies, and development banks to acquire a small share of equity ownership in a corporation, thereby potentially alleviating capital constraints and leveraging latent capabilities. Both models have benefits and costs. Yet neither model has entirely eliminated the temptation of governments to intervene in the operation of natural resource industries and other large strategic enterprises. Nevertheless, the longstanding debate over whether private ownership is superior or inferior to state capitalism has become irrelevant, Musacchio and Lazzarini conclude. Private ownership is now mingled with state capital on a global scale.

Author: Gita Steiner-Khamsi
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1788970330
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Businesses, philanthropies and non-profit entities are increasingly successful in capturing public funds to support private provision of schooling in developed and developing countries. Coupled with market-based reforms that include weak regulation, control over workforces, standardization of processes and economies of scale, private provision of schooling is often seen to be convenient for both public authorities and businesses. This book examines how the public subsidization of these forms of private education affects quality, equality and the realization of human rights.With original research from leading experts, The State, Business and Education sheds light on the privatization of education in fragile circumstances. It illustrates the ways in which private actors have expanded their involvement in education as a business, and shows the influence of policy borrowing on the spread of for-profit education. Case studies from Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India and Syrian refugee camps illustrate the ways in which private actors have expanded their involvement in education as a business.This book will be of interest not only to academics and students of international and comparative education, but also to education development professionals in both the private and public sectors, with its empirical assessment of case studies, and careful consideration of the lessons to be learned from each.

Author: Mariana Mazzucato
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0593656946
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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Book Description
Award-winning economist Mariana Mazzucato’s famously incisive international bestseller debunking the pervasive myth of the inept state versus an innovative private sector—with a new preface by the author According to conventional wisdom, innovation is best left to the bold entrepreneurs of the private sector, and government should get out of the way. But what if that wasn't case? What if, from the inventions of Silicon Valley to medical breakthroughs, the public sector has actually been the most courageous and valuable risk-taker of all? Critically acclaimed and influential thinker and scholar Mariana Mazzucato argues comprehensively against the myth of a lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic, innovative private sector with remarkable original and deep research. In a series of case studies—from nanotechnology to the emerging green tech of today—Mazzucato reveals that the opposite is true: the private sector only finds the courage to invest after an entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk investments. The Entrepreneurial State reveals how every technology that makes the iPhone so “smart” was actually funded by the government—from the Internet and GPS technology, to touch-screen displays and voice-activated Siri. In the history of modern capitalism, the State has not only fixed market failures, but has also actively shaped and created markets. In doing so, it sometimes wins and sometimes fails. Yet by not admitting the State’s role in active risk taking, we've created an "innovation system" where the public sector socializes risks while privatizing reward, as Mazzucato controversially argues. This bold and provocative book considers how we adopted this dysfunctional dynamic, and then how we can overcome it so that economic growth can be not only "smart" but "inclusive" as well.

Author: Ryan Dawson
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781499601008
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
Government is not the solution; it is the problem. It is vital for us to understand its complicity in the facilitation of history's most enormous financial scandals, corporate welfare and war-for-profit. To understand how detrimental government is, just have a look at what government meddling has done to all the industries with which it is involved: education, road construction, the mail, healthcare, agriculture, energy, banking and trade. As Chris Hedges once said, "We now live in a nation where doctors destroy health, lawyers destroy justice, universities destroy knowledge, governments destroy freedom, the press destroys information, religion destroys morals, and our banks destroy the economy." He was half right; it was when all of those institutions became burdened with government intervention that they began to fail so miserably. Advocates of big government like to imagine scenarios of what government could do to regulate crony capitalism, prevent fraud and curb the police state. Unfortunately, their solutions assume a government not riddled with the legalized bribery of corporate lobbies, not to mention government officials above abusing their position to further their own business interests. Various government agencies themselves now behave like businesses. Where their interests align with those of private industry, they reward their corporate partners through government favoritism. Our government does not prevent cronyism; it facilitates it. We cannot reform the regulations until we reform the system itself. Government projects often become a means of transferring wealth from the public to the government (with a choice piece of the pie going to favored industries, of course). People spending other people's money tend to have little incentive to be cost-efficient, especially when the debts which they create fall upon the people from whom they initially borrowed the money rather than themselves. The moment people realized they could vote themselves money, democracy was dead. The government is the largest purveyor of violence in the world today, and a greater threat to stability than any other terrorist group or nation state. The US can, and does, intervene militarily based on very flimsy excuses. Our government does not provide peace and defense; it actively seeks pretexts to go on the offensive and murders millions. Questioning militarism has been spun so that opposing war is cast as opposing the soldiers themselves. The government has also facilitated the modern central banking system. Banks now issue loans larger than the actual reserves in existence, creating an unsustainable cycle whereby they collect interest on sums of money they never possessed, and creating debts greater than the amount of money that actually exists. Without the power and protection of government, bad banks would fail naturally. The press wouldn't be compromised by executives who serve on the boards of the Pentagon's largest defense contractors. Courts would no longer be a place to award corporate bias through the reinterpretation of law. We can no longer turn to the mainstream media outlets to inform us of these problems, as they are now firmly under the control of the US regime, in a manner on par with that of the former Soviet Union. Reforming mass media is a lost cause; abandoning it for independent media is a more viable and realistic option. It is through books like this one that the modern citizen must inform himself about what is really going on in the world today. The first step is to understand the system through which banks, industries, media, and the government collaborate to make things the way they are. Once we understand that system, we can begin to chip away at the disease they represent, by attacking it at the root. Keep government out of the marketplace; separate business and state.

Author: Mark R. Wilson
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801888832
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321

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Book Description
This wide-ranging, original account of the politics and economics of the giant military supply project in the North reconstructs an important but little-known part of Civil War history. Drawing on new and extensive research in army and business archives, Mark R. Wilson offers a fresh view of the wartime North and the ways in which its economy worked when the Lincoln administration, with unprecedented military effort, moved to suppress the rebellion. This task of equipping and sustaining Union forces fell to career army procurement officers. Largely free from political partisanship or any formal free-market ideology, they created a mixed military economy with a complex contracting system that they pieced together to meet the experience of civil war. Wilson argues that the North owed its victory to these professional military men and their finely tuned relationships with contractors, public officials, and war workers. Wilson also examines the obstacles military bureaucrats faced, many of which illuminated basic problems of modern political economy: the balance between efficiency and equity, the promotion of competition, and the protection of workers' welfare. The struggle over these problems determined the flow of hundreds of millions of dollars; it also redirected American political and economic development by forcing citizens to grapple with difficult questions about the proper relationships among government, business, and labor. Students of the American Civil War will welcome this fresh study of military-industrial production and procurement on the home front—long an obscure topic.