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Author: Tammy L. Miracle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border patrols Languages : en Pages : 25
Book Description
U.S. soldiers continue to fight the war on terror overseas, but what about the homeland? Our borders, 5,525 miles with Canada and 1,989 miles with Mexico, are left ineffectively guarded for millions of people to cross into the U.S. illegally. In fact, more than five hundred million people cross the U.S. borders each year and roughly three hundred and thirty million of them are non- citizens. Even after the horrific events of September 11th 2001, little has been done to secure the nation's borders. Last spring the Departments of Treasury and Justice requested support from the Department of Defense to support the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and U.S. Customs Service (USCS) in securing the borders. After reviewing the requests, a memorandum of agreement was signed. The Department of Defense (DoD) mobilized sixteen hundred personnel from the Army National Guard for active duty to support federal law enforcement agencies along the borders. In May 2002 the U.S. Army Forces Command and the U.S. Joint Forces Command completed an assessment of the mission. The resulting report recommended that approximately three hundred soldiers working in remote areas along the border could carry weapons. In addition to these efforts of securing our borders by DoD and Departments of Treasury and Justice, congress voted in favor of legislation to close border security gaps. This legislation authorized congress to provide more funding to the INS to hire more border agents, upgrade salaries and buy much needed equipment. At the end of fiscal year 2002, this temporary mission came to an end. The men and women of the Army National Guard are no longer supporting U.S. borders. While there is discussion in congress about continuing this mission, at this point, no one is certain if it will.
Author: Tammy L. Miracle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border patrols Languages : en Pages : 25
Book Description
U.S. soldiers continue to fight the war on terror overseas, but what about the homeland? Our borders, 5,525 miles with Canada and 1,989 miles with Mexico, are left ineffectively guarded for millions of people to cross into the U.S. illegally. In fact, more than five hundred million people cross the U.S. borders each year and roughly three hundred and thirty million of them are non- citizens. Even after the horrific events of September 11th 2001, little has been done to secure the nation's borders. Last spring the Departments of Treasury and Justice requested support from the Department of Defense to support the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and U.S. Customs Service (USCS) in securing the borders. After reviewing the requests, a memorandum of agreement was signed. The Department of Defense (DoD) mobilized sixteen hundred personnel from the Army National Guard for active duty to support federal law enforcement agencies along the borders. In May 2002 the U.S. Army Forces Command and the U.S. Joint Forces Command completed an assessment of the mission. The resulting report recommended that approximately three hundred soldiers working in remote areas along the border could carry weapons. In addition to these efforts of securing our borders by DoD and Departments of Treasury and Justice, congress voted in favor of legislation to close border security gaps. This legislation authorized congress to provide more funding to the INS to hire more border agents, upgrade salaries and buy much needed equipment. At the end of fiscal year 2002, this temporary mission came to an end. The men and women of the Army National Guard are no longer supporting U.S. borders. While there is discussion in congress about continuing this mission, at this point, no one is certain if it will.
Author: R. Chuck Mason Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border security Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
The Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with preventing the entry of terrorists, securing the borders, and carrying out immigration enforcement functions. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of DHS, has primary responsibility for securing the borders of the United States, preventing terrorists and their weapons from entering the United States, and enforcing hundreds of U.S. trade and immigration laws. Within CBP, the U.S. Border Patrol's mission is to detect and prevent the illegal entry of aliens across the nearly 7,000 miles of Mexican and Canadian international borders and 2,000 miles of coastal borders surrounding Florida and Puerto Rico. Although the military does not have primary responsibility to secure the borders, the Armed Forces generally provide support to law enforcement and immigration authorities along the southern border. Reported escalations in criminal activity and illegal immigration, however, have prompted some lawmakers to reevaluate the extent and type of military support that occurs in the border region. On May 25, 2010, President Obama announced that up to 1,200 National Guard troops would be sent to the border to support the Border Patrol. Addressing domestic laws and activities with the military, however, might run afoul of the Posse Comitatus Act (PCA), which prohibits use of the Armed Forces to perform the tasks of civilian law enforcement unless explicitly authorized. There are alternative legal authorities for deploying the National Guard, and the precise scope of permitted activities and funds may vary with the authority exercised. In the 111th Congress, various types of legislation have been introduced, including S. 3332 and H.R. 4321, which, if enacted, would authorize the utilization of National Guard troops along the southern border. Additionally, H. Con. Res. 273 expresses the sense of Congress that the escalating violence along the southern border is a national threat and that National Guard troops should be deployed to the border.
Author: Tim Lawson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border patrols Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The National Guard's role in the War on Terror continues to decrease with the troop draw down in Iraq and Afghanistan, while multiple threats on the Southwest border continue to increase. Americans are expressing growing concerns over organized crime and international terrorism and the government's ability to secure the Southwest border in the face of those threats are in question. It is time for the United States to examine the National Guard's role and mission in relation to defending the homeland. In a time of significant budget cuts and downsizing of all government organizations, the use of the National Guard to permanently augment the Department of Homeland Security is a viable option. The National Guard can contribute additional capabilities and capacities in equipment and manpower to augment the Border Patrol and help fill gaps in border security. The gains made by the National Guard since 911 are exponential and a reversal to the pre 911 eras of strategic reserve status will make the National Guard less relevant. It is time to define the role and mission of the National Guard on the Southwest border.
Author: Michael Dale Doubler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border patrols Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
This book recounts an unique chapter in the National Guard's efforts to keep America's borders secure. Starting in June 2006 and lasting until July 2008, Operation Jump Start exhibited unprecedented cooperation and teamwork among federal agencies engaged in protecting the homeland. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Border Patrol and the National Guard created a cooperative, operational environment that will endure as an example on how to do things right. Based in Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas, the Operation's mission was not to close the nation's border with Mexico but to make it more secure for legal immigration and commerce. By the time Operation Jump start ended, criminal activities of all types had declined along the border, and physical improvements made by Guard engineers along the border seemed certain to reduce illegal activities for the forseeable future.
Author: Benjamin C. Luoma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Civil-military relations Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
This thesis examines the use of the U.S. Armed Forces in civil authority support missions along the U.S.-Mexico border from the creation of the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico in 1848, to the post-September 11th border security support operations. Many questions arise from using the military in this capacity, for example; how effective is the military's support to civil authorities (MSCA), can the military perform MSCA operation without the threat to human and rights of civilians, how do MSCA missions such as these impact the combat readiness of the military? This thesis found that military support to civil authorities was indeed effective, especially with in cases where non - federalizes National Guard personnel were employed. It also shows that the military has implemented control measures that enable troops to conduct law enforcement support missions while respecting the human and civil rights of civilians. Lastly, it found that the combat readiness the military was not necessarily diminished, but could actually be enhanced during MSCA operations.
Author: Matt Matthews Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Since the mid-19th century, the United States has frequently employed the US Army on its southern border to perform various roles in support of the Nation--from outright war, to patrolling the border, to chasing bandits while securing persons and property on both sides of the border, and most recently to supporting civil law enforcement and antidrug efforts. Events since 9/11, such as the recent deployment of National Guard Soldiers to the Mexican border, are only the latest manifestation of this long tradition. This paper reviews the lengthy history of the US Army on the Mexican border and highlights recurring themes that are relevant to today's ongoing border security mission. Between 1846 and 1921, the US Army carried out its security missions under a variety of hardships imposed by the massive length and ruggedness of the border. The shortage of soldiers to police the new and oft-disputed border also proved especially problematic. Mexican domestic politics and US-Mexican international relations greatly affected the Army's operations. Since 1921, the Army's role has been dramatically different, ranging from noninvolvement to varied forms of support to local, state, and Federal civilian agencies. The narrative brings to light these complexities and makes for compelling reading. The ongoing, post-9/11 debate over the military's role in securing our Nation's southern border makes this paper important reading for today's soldiers. While current and future missions will not mirror those of the past, the historical record is replete with insights and lessons learned from the Army's past that are timely and relevant today.
Author: Publisher: Government Printing Office ISBN: 9780160872501 Category : Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
This occasional paper is a concise overview of the history of the US Army's involvement along the Mexican border and offers a fundamental understanding of problems associated with such a mission. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the historic themes addressed disapproving public reaction, Mexican governmental instability, and insufficient US military personnel to effectively secure the expansive boundary are still prevalent today.
Author: Tammy L. Miracle
Author: Tammy L. Miracle
Author: R. Chuck Mason
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services
Author: Tim Lawson
Author: Michael Dale Doubler
Author: Benjamin C. Luoma
Author: Matt Matthews
Author: