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Author: Amos Laar Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832532888 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
In many respects, the continent of Africa is in transition. Prominent among them – currently – is the nutrition transition. One consequence of the nutrition transition is the increase in prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Although NCDs are a global public health problem, the rate of increase in NCDs morbidity and mortality in some African countries is staggering. This surge has been linked to modifiable environmental factors – factors that facilitate the consumption of obesogenic (energy-dense nutrient-poor foods), rather than unrefined cereals, fruits, and vegetables. It has long been recognized that the physical and social environments - in which people live, work, and eat are critical determinants of their health. More recently, there has been a greater focus on the food environment as a key determinant of health. Available evidence shows that unhealthy food environments drive unhealthy diets; and unhealthy diet is one of four main risk factors for NCDs.
Author: Amos Laar Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832532888 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
In many respects, the continent of Africa is in transition. Prominent among them – currently – is the nutrition transition. One consequence of the nutrition transition is the increase in prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Although NCDs are a global public health problem, the rate of increase in NCDs morbidity and mortality in some African countries is staggering. This surge has been linked to modifiable environmental factors – factors that facilitate the consumption of obesogenic (energy-dense nutrient-poor foods), rather than unrefined cereals, fruits, and vegetables. It has long been recognized that the physical and social environments - in which people live, work, and eat are critical determinants of their health. More recently, there has been a greater focus on the food environment as a key determinant of health. Available evidence shows that unhealthy food environments drive unhealthy diets; and unhealthy diet is one of four main risk factors for NCDs.
Author: Dorte Verner Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817677 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
Interestingly, some relief from today's woes may come from ancient human practices. While current agri-food production models rely on abundant supplies of water, energy, and arable land and generate significant greenhouse gas emissions in addition to forest and biodiversity loss, past practices point toward more affordable and sustainable paths. Different forms of insect farming and soilless crop farming, or hydroponics, have existed for centuries. In this report the authors make a persuasive case that frontier agriculture, particularly insect and hydroponic farming, can complement conventional agriculture. Both technologies reuse society's agricultural and organic industrial waste to produce nutritious food and animal feed without continuing to deplete the planet's land and water resources, thereby converting the world's wasteful linear food economy into a sustainable, circular food economy. As the report shows, insect and hydroponic farming can create jobs, diversify livelihoods, improve nutrition, and provide many other benefits in African and fragile, conflict-affected countries. Together with other investments in climate-smart agriculture, such as trees on farms, alternate wetting and drying rice systems, conservation agriculture, and sustainable livestock, these technologies are part of a promising menu of solutions that can help countries move their land, food, water, and agriculture systems toward greater sustainability and reduced emissions. This is a key consideration as the World Bank renews its commitment to support countries' climate action plans. This book is the Bank's first attempt to look at insect and hydroponic farming as possible solutions to the world's climate and food and nutrition security crisis and may represent a new chapter in the Bank's evolving efforts to help feed and sustain the planet.
Author: Per Pinstrup-Andersen Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 9780801476921 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Hunger, malnutrition, poor health, and deficient food systems are widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa. While much is known about African food systems and about African health and nutrition, our understanding of the interaction between food systems and health and nutrition is deficient. Moreover, the potential health gains from changes in the food system are frequently overlooked in policy design and implementation.The authors of The African Food System and its Interactions with Human Health and Nutrition examine how public policy and research aimed at the food system and its interaction with human health and nutrition can improve the well-being of Africans and help achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Several of the MDGs focus on health-related challenges: hunger alleviation; maternal, infant, and child mortality; the control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; and the provision of safe water and improved sanitation. These challenges are intensified by problems of low agricultural and food system productivity, gender inequity, lack of basic infrastructure, and environmental degradation, all of which have direct and indirect detrimental effects on health, nutrition, and the food system.Reflecting the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of these problems and their solutions, this book features contributions by world-renowned experts in economics, agriculture, health, nutrition, food science, and demography. Contributors: Harold Alderman, World Bank; Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University; Kathryn J. Boor, Cornell University; Laura K. Cramer, Cornell University; Stuart Gillespie, International Food Policy Research Institute; Anna Herforth, Cornell University; Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Makerere University; Rebecca Nelson, Cornell University, Onesmo K. ole-MoiYoi, Kenyatta University and Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Per Pinstrup-Andersen, Cornell University and the University of Copenhagen; Marie T. Ruel, International Food Policy Research Institute; David E. Sahn, Cornell University; Barbara Boyle Torrey, Population Reference Bureau; E. Fuller Torrey, Stanley Medical Research Institute; Joachim von Braun, University of Bonn; Speciosa Wandira, Concave International; Derrill D. Watson, Cornell University
Author: Cyndi Spindell Berck Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351369504 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 403
Book Description
A changing climate is likely to have a drastic impact on crop yields in Africa. The purpose of this book is to document the effects of climate change on agriculture in Africa and to discuss strategies for adaptation to hotter weather and less predictable rainfall. These strategies include promoting opportunities for farmers to adopt technologies that produce optimal results in terms of crop yield and income under local agro-ecological and socioeconomic conditions. The focus is on sub-Saharan Africa, an area that is already affected by changing patterns of heat and rainfall. Because of the high prevalence of subsistence farming, food insecurity, and extreme poverty in this region, there is a great need for practical adaptation strategies. The book includes empirical research in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and other Sub-Saharan countries, and the conclusion summarizes policy-relevant findings from the chapters. It is aimed at advanced students, researchers, extension and development practitioners, and officials of government agencies, NGOs, and funding agencies. It also will provide supplementary reading for courses in environment and development and in agricultural economics.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251318751 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Considering the detrimental environmental impact of current food systems, and the concerns raised about their sustainability, there is an urgent need to promote diets that are healthy and have low environmental impacts. These diets also need to be socio-culturally acceptable and economically accessible for all. Acknowledging the existence of diverging views on the concepts of sustainable diets and healthy diets, countries have requested guidance from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on what constitutes sustainable healthy diets. These guiding principles take a holistic approach to diets; they consider international nutrition recommendations; the environmental cost of food production and consumption; and the adaptability to local social, cultural and economic contexts. This publication aims to support the efforts of countries as they work to transform food systems to deliver on sustainable healthy diets, contributing to the achievement of the SDGs at country level, especially Goals 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Equality) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and 13 (Climate Action).
Author: Dr Nicole Avena Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199330476 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Overeating and obesity are on the rise. Despite public health warnings, availability of diet books and programs, and the stigma associated with obesity, many people find it difficult to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. While there are many books on the topic of caloric or need-based eating, obesity and overeating can also result from eating that is not driven by hunger. Recent research found that excess food intake is largely driven by the palatability of food and the pleasure derived from eating. Hedonic Eating: How the Pleasure of Food Affects Our Brains and Behavior discusses the pleasurable aspects of food intake that may cause and perpetuate overconsumption. Broad in its scope, this book examines the various behavioral, biological, and social rewards of food. The comprehensive chapters cover topics ranging from the neurochemistry of food reward to the hotly debated concept of 'food addiction,' while providing relevant and up-to-date information from the current body of scientific literature regarding food reward.
Author: Darleesa Gates Publisher: ISBN: Category : African Americans Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
African-Americans are disproportionately affected with food-related diseases. In fact, making healthy dietary choices--which is a frequent recommendation to reduce overweight and obesity, is not always feasible with presence of food deserts in many low-income communities. Income inequalities are the basis for many of the nation's health disparities, and individuals' food management strategies are often shaped by what they can afford and what is available to them. Unfortunately, low-income African-American communities compared to higher-income White communities often lack access to healthy food options and/or are not in close proximity to healthy quality grocery stores ...Therefore, in order to effectively address food related disease within African-American populations, it is important to understand the complexities surrounding eating environments (i.e. social and cultural factors influencing aspects of food purchasing, access to safe and nutritious food and overall food management strategies). The aim of the proposed small-scale study is to examine differences and similarities in food purchase and consumption strategies of African American households during perceived periods of food shortage and financial crisis. A better understanding of food choices and food environments among African American households is essential for the development of appropriate and culturally sensitive public health interventions that inform research and practice. Thus, this exploratory study will examine food management strategies as a facilitating behavior to diet-related obesity, while exploring the environmental context in which these behaviors occur in African-American households in Gary, Indiana.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309137284 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.
Author: Bruce Frayne Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351850776 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Urban population growth is extremely rapid across Africa and this book places urban food and nutrition security firmly on the development and policy agenda. It shows that current efforts to address food poverty in Africa that focus entirely on small-scale farmers, to the exclusion of broader socio-economic and infrastructural approaches, are misplaced and will remain largely ineffective in ameliorating food and nutrition insecurity for the majority of Africans. Using original data from the African Food Security Urban Network’s (AFSUN) extensive database it is demonstrated that the primary food security challenge for urban households is access to food. Already linked into global food systems and value chains, Africa’s supply of food is not necessarily in jeopardy. Rather, the widespread poverty and informal urban fabric that characterizes Africa’s emerging cities impinge directly on households’ capacity to access food that is readily available. Through the analysis of empirical data collected from 6,500 households in eleven cities in nine countries in Southern Africa, the authors identify the complexity of factors and dynamics that create the circumstances of widespread food and nutrition insecurity under which urban citizens live. They also provide useful policy approaches to address these conditions that currently thwart the latent development potential of Africa’s expanding urban population.
Author: Amos Laar
Author: Amos Laar
Author: Dorte Verner
Author: Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Author: Cyndi Spindell Berck
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Dr Nicole Avena
Author: Rebecca Huss-Ashmore
Author: Darleesa Gates
Author: National Research Council
Author: Bruce Frayne