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Author: Bernard R. Gifford Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401129703 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Bernard R. Gifford and Linda C. Wing Standardized testing has become a ubiquitous feature of American life. As a major source of information for reducing uncertainty in the alJocation of merit based educational, training, and employment opportunities, testing affects the life chances of individuals. Moreover, testing inOuences the way in which our societyjudgesitselfandprovides for ourcollective future. Test scores may determine a child's admission to lcindergarten and promotion to the fIrst grade. Most states award the high school diploma only ifa student has passed a minimum competency test. Major institutions of higher education typically require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievement with scores on college admissions tests. In the labor market, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring workers to sit for personnel selection tests. Additionally, it has become commonplace to use test scores to calibrate our national sociopolitical condition and our capacity to compete with other countries in the global economy. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, scores on examinations that purport to be objective and precise measures of individual knowledge, abilities, and potential are playing a critical role in the opportunity marketplace. Similarly, test scores are exercising growing influence in assessments of our social and economic institutions and in policy decisions about the relative invesunents that should be made in each. In all these instantiations, test scores are at the center of high-stakes decision making about the future of individuals and of the nation itself.
Author: Bernard R. Gifford Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401129703 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Bernard R. Gifford and Linda C. Wing Standardized testing has become a ubiquitous feature of American life. As a major source of information for reducing uncertainty in the alJocation of merit based educational, training, and employment opportunities, testing affects the life chances of individuals. Moreover, testing inOuences the way in which our societyjudgesitselfandprovides for ourcollective future. Test scores may determine a child's admission to lcindergarten and promotion to the fIrst grade. Most states award the high school diploma only ifa student has passed a minimum competency test. Major institutions of higher education typically require applicants to supplement their records of academic achievement with scores on college admissions tests. In the labor market, as a condition of employment or assignment to training programs, more and more employers are requiring workers to sit for personnel selection tests. Additionally, it has become commonplace to use test scores to calibrate our national sociopolitical condition and our capacity to compete with other countries in the global economy. In short, with increasing frequency and intensity, scores on examinations that purport to be objective and precise measures of individual knowledge, abilities, and potential are playing a critical role in the opportunity marketplace. Similarly, test scores are exercising growing influence in assessments of our social and economic institutions and in policy decisions about the relative invesunents that should be made in each. In all these instantiations, test scores are at the center of high-stakes decision making about the future of individuals and of the nation itself.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309174198 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
For every weapons system being developed, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) must make a critical decision: Should the system go forward to full-scale production? The answer to that question may involve not only tens of billions of dollars but also the nation's security and military capabilities. In the milestone process used by DOD to answer the basic acquisition question, one component near the end of the process is operational testing, to determine if a system meets the requirements for effectiveness and suitability in realistic battlefield settings. Problems discovered at this stage can cause significant production delays and can necessitate costly system redesign. This book examines the milestone process, as well as the DOD's entire approach to testing and evaluating defense systems. It brings to the topic of defense acquisition the application of scientific statistical principles and practices.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
The Department of Defense (DoD) recently issued new and revised test and evaluation (T & E) policies that represent a shift in emphasis toward the evaluation side of T & E and promote a continued emphasis on integrated testing. The revised policies focus on using T & E throughout the system life cycle in a seamless continuum. This revision of T & E policies represents one of many actions the Department is taking to revitalize T & E and to ensure that T & E is timely, effective, and efficient. The revised policy responds to a 2007 review of DoD T & E and its applicability to emerging acquisition approaches. The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation and the Office of the Deputy Director, Developmental Test and Evaluation conducted the review and delivered the resulting report to Congress in July 2007 in compliance with Section 231 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, Public Law 109-364. The report, known as the "231 report," is the latest in a series of reviews and studies of DoD T & E that signaled the shift in DoD T & E policy. The December 2007 policy and the findings from the 231 report can be grouped into four broad themes: (1) Emphasis on evaluation, (2) Focus on capabilities and limitations, (3) Integrated and seamless T & E, and (4) Developmental T & E reporting.
Author: Davi M. D'Agostino Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437917453 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
The DoD defines NLW as those that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. DoD created the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (JNLWP) in 1996 to have centralized responsibility for the dev¿t. of NLW and coordinate requirements among the services. This report reviews the status of NLW programs by identifying the extent to which: (1) DoD and the JNLWP have developed and fielded NLW since the program's inception; (2) DoD has established and implemented policy, doctrine, and training for NLW; and (3) DoD has conducted testing and evaluation prior to fielding NLW. Illustrations.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309222737 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
During the past decade and a half, the National Research Council, through its Committee on National Statistics, has carried out a number of studies on the application of statistical methods to improve the testing and development of defense systems. These studies were intended to provide advice to the Department of Defense (DOD), which sponsored these studies. The previous studies have been concerned with the role of statistical methods in testing and evaluation, reliability practices, software methods, combining information, and evolutionary acquisition. Industrial Methods for the Effective Testing and Development of Defense Systems is the latest in a series of studies, and unlike earlier studies, this report identifies current engineering practices that have proved successful in industrial applications for system development and testing. This report explores how developmental and operational testing, modeling and simulation, and related techniques can improve the development and performance of defense systems, particularly techniques that have been shown to be effective in industrial applications and are likely to be useful in defense system development. In addition to the broad issues, the report identifies three specific topics for its focus: finding failure modes earlier, technology maturity, and use of all relevant information for operational assessments.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Federal Services, Post Office, and Civil Service Publisher: ISBN: Category : Arms transfers Languages : en Pages : 208
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030918097X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
The Department of Defense (DoD) recently adopted evolutionary acquisition, a dynamic strategy for the development and acquisition of its defense systems. Evolutionary defense systems are planned, in advance, to be developed through several stages in a single procurement program. Each stage is planned to produce a viable system which could be fielded. The system requirements for each stage of development may be specified in advance of a given stage or may be decided at the outset of that stage's development. Due to the different stages that comprise an evolutionary system, there exists a need for careful reexamination of current testing and evaluation policies and processes, which were designed for single-stage developments. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (USD-AT&L) and the Director of Operational Testing and Evaluation (DOT&E) asked the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Academies to examine the key issues and implications for defense testing from the introduction of evolutionary acquisition. The CNSTAT was charged with planning and conducting a workshop to study test strategies for the evolutionary acquisition. The committee reviewed defense materials defining evolutionary acquisition and interviewed test officials from the three major test service agencies to understand the current approaches used in testing systems procured through evolutionary acquisition. The committee also examined possible alternatives to identify problems in implementation. At the workshop that took place on December 13-14, 2004, the committee tried to answer many questions including: What are the appropriate roles and objectives for testing in an evolutionary environment?, Can a systematic, disciplined process be developed for testing and evaluation in such a fluid and flexible environment?, and Is there adequate technical expertise within the acquisition community to fully exploit data gathered from previous stages to effectively combine information from various sources for test design and analysis?. Testing of Defense Systems in an Evolutionary Acquisition Environment provides the conclusions and recommendations of the CNSTAT following the workshop and its other investigations.
Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher: ISBN: 9780309498579 Category : Biodiversity Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
Rigorous operational testing (OT) of weapon systems procured by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is fundamental to ensuring that these sophisticated systems not only meet their stated requirements, but also perform under realistic operational conditions when faced by determined adversaries employing their own highly capable offensive and defensive weaponry. DoD's test and training range enterprise provides the geography, infrastructure, technology, expertise, processes, and management that make safe, secure, and comprehensive OT possible. The challenges facing the nation's range infrastructure are both increasing and accelerating. Limited test capacity in physical resources and workforce, the age of test infrastructure, the capability to test advanced technologies, and encroachment impact the ability to inform system performance, integrated system performance and the overall pace of testing. Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems assesses the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation ranges, infrastructure, and tools for determining the operational effectiveness, suitability, survivability, and lethality of military systems. This report explores modernization, sustainment, operations, and resource challenges for test and evaluation ranges, and makes recommendations to put the DoD range enterprise on a modernization trajectory to meet the needs of OT in the years ahead.
Author: Bernard R. Gifford
Author: Bernard R. Gifford
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Davi M. D'Agostino
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Author: National Research Council
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Federal Services, Post Office, and Civil Service
Author: United States. Department of Defense
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine