Temporal Variability in the Concentration and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in Two Montana, USA Rivers PDF Download

Author: Stephen R. Parker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Stefan Krause
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119489660
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437

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Book Description
Ecohydrological Interfaces Comprehensive overview of the process dynamics and interactions governing ecohydrological interfaces Summarizing the interdisciplinary investigation of ecohydrological interface functioning, Ecohydrological Interfaces advances the understanding of their dynamics across traditional subject boundaries. It offers a detailed explanation of the underlying mechanisms and process interactions governing ecohydrological interface functioning from the micro scale to the ecosystem and regional scale. The multidisciplinary team of authors integrates and synthesises the current understanding of process dynamics at different ecohydrological interfaces to develop a unifying concept of their ecosystem functions. The work introduces novel experimental and model-based methods for characterizing and quantifying ecohydrological interface processes, taking account of innovative sensing and tracing technologies as well as microbial and molecular biology approaches. Key questions addressed in the book include: Which conditions stimulate the transformative nature of ecohydrological interfaces? How are ecohydrological interfaces organized in space and time? How does interface activity propagate from small to large scales? How do ecohydrological interfaces react to environmental change and what is their role in processes of significant societal value? As a research level text on the functionality and performance of ecohydrological interfaces, Ecohydrological Interfaces is primarily aimed at academics and postgraduate researchers. It is also appropriate for university libraries as further reading on a range of geographical, environmental, biological, and engineering topics.

Author: Philips Olugbemiga Akinwole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Sedimentary microbial communities play a critical ecological role in lotic ecosystems and are responsible for numerous biogeochemical transformations, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) uptake, degradation, and mineralization. The goals of this study were to elucidate the benthic microbes responsible for utilization of humic DOM in streams and to assess overall variability in microbial biomass and community structure over time and across multiple spatial scales in stream networks, as DOM quality and quantity will likely change with stream order. In Chapter 2, multiple spatial patterns of microbial biomass and community structure were examined in stream sediments from two watersheds; the Neversink River watershed (NY; 1st, 3rd and 5th order streams sampled) and the White Clay Creek watershed (PA; 1st through 3rd order streams sampled). Microbial biomass and community structure were estimated by phospholipid phosphate and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analyses. Multivariate analysis showed that sedimentary C:N ratios, percent carbon, sediment surface area and percent water content explained 68% of the variations in total microbial biomass. Overall, the magnitude of within stream variation in microbial biomass was small compared to the variability noted among streams and between watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structure displayed a distinct watershed-level biogeography, as well as variation along a stream order gradient. Chapter 3 demonstrated that benthic microbial biomass was seasonally dynamic and significantly correlated to a combination of high and low flood pulse counts, variability in daily flow and DOC concentration in the White Clay Creek. Additionally, the seasonal pattern of variation observed in microbial community structure was as a result of shift between the ratios of prokaryotic to eukaryotic component of the community. This shift was significantly correlated with seasonal changes in median daily flow, high and low flood pulse counts, DOC concentrations and water temperature. Compound-specific 13C analysis of PLFA showed that both bacterial and microeukaryotic stable carbon isotope ratios were heaviest in the spring and lightest in autumn or winter. Bacterial lipids were isotopically depleted on average by 2 - 5 / relative to δ13C of total organic carbon suggesting bacterial consumption of allochthonous organic matter, and enriched relative to δ13C algae-derived carbon source. In Chapter 4, heterotrophic microbes that metabolize humic DOM in a third-order stream were identified through trace-additions of 13C-labeled tree tissue leachate (13C-DOC) into stream sediment mesocosms. Microbial community structure was assessed using PLFA biomarkers, and metabolically active members were identified through 13C-PLFA analysis (PLFA-SIP). Comparison by PCA of the microbial communities in stream sediments and stream sediments incubated in both the presence and absence of 13C-DOC showed our mesocosm-based experimental design as sufficiently robust to investigate the utilization of 13C-DOC by sediment microbial communities. After 48 hours of incubation, PLFA-SIP identified heterotrophic α, β, and γ- proteobacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria as the organisms primarily responsible for humic DOC consumption in streams and heterotrophic microeucaryotes as their predators. The evidence presented in this study shows a complex relationship between microbial community structure, environmental heterogeneity and utilization of humic DOC, indicating that humic DOC quality and quantity along with other hydro-ecological variables should be considered among the important factors that structure benthic microbial communities in lotic ecosystems.

Author: Michael Montenari
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128209925
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 780

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Book Description
Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Five in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers research in stratigraphic disciplines, including the most recent developments in the geosciences. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy with its inclusion of a variety of topics, including Carbon isotope stratigraphy - principles and applications, Interpreting Phanerozoic d13C patterns as periodic glacio-eustatic sequences, Stable carbon isotopes in archaeological plant remains, Review of the Upper Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian Detrital Series in Central and North Iberia: NE Africa as possible Source Area, Calibrating d13C and d18O chemostratigraphic correlations across Cambrian strata of SW, and much more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more

Author: Erin Elizabeth Ellis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Tropical rivers are large sources of carbon to the atmosphere and the ocean. The composition of riverine organic matter (OM) affects the size of these fluxes by governing how much carbon will be returned to the atmosphere while in transit versus exported to the ocean, where carbon can be permanently buried in marine sediments. Carbon isotopes coupled with biomarker measurements are powerful tools to elucidate the sources and cycling of OM in rivers, yet few studies have employed them in the tropics. Here I use carbon isotopes (stable and radiocarbon) and biomarker measurements of higher plants and soils to address the following topics: sources of organic carbon respired in rivers; terrestrial OM sources to rivers; the age of riverine OM. In the Amazon Basin, in situ respiration rates are high enough to support the high carbon dioxide gas evasion rates occurring in many white-water rivers. C4 grasses, C3 plants, and phytoplankton fuel respiration, with phytoplankton being important during the low-water season. On the mainstem, C4 grasses are an important substrate for respiration during the rising-water stage, but other sources dominate during falling water. In the Mekong Basin, vascular plants contribute to 15-76 percent of the particulate organic carbon (POC) exported by the river, with phytoplankton and higher plants dominating OM composition during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The age of lignin exported by the Mekong is consistently young (produced within the last 15 years), and it cycles amidst POC of varying ages, ranging from contemporary during the rainy season, to over 3,000 years old during the rising-water period. The aged signal observed during the dry period is likely due to the increasing influence from carbon derived from the Upper Basin (the Chinese mountains and the Tibetan Plateau), whereas the young rainy-season values reflect carbon derived from the Lower Basin. Seasonal variability in the composition of particulate lignin corroborates these findings. Finally, the highest concentrations of branched tetraether lipids were found in floodplains and lake beds, suggesting that anaerobic environments may be a significant source of these biomarkers to the river, with production likely occurring within the river.

Author: R. L. Malcolm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic water pollutants
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Author: Thomas Bianchi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107022576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 673

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A comprehensive, state-of-the-art synthesis of biogeochemical dynamics and the impact of human alterations at major river-coastal interfaces for advanced students and researchers.

Author: Charles R. Goldman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118470613
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 481

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Book Description
Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.

Author: Jennifer Savoie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Author: Robert Michener
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470691174
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592

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Book Description
This book highlights new and emerging uses of stable isotope analysis in a variety of ecological disciplines. While the use of natural abundance isotopes in ecological research is now relatively standard, new techniques and ways of interpreting patterns are developing rapidly. The second edition of this book provides a thorough, up-to-date examination of these methods of research. As part of the Ecological Methods and Concepts series which provides the latest information on experimental techniques in ecology, this book looks at a wide range of techniques that use natural abundance isotopes to: follow whole ecosystem element cycling understand processes of soil organic matter formation follow the movement of water in whole watersheds understand the effects of pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments study extreme systems such as hydrothermal vents follow migrating organisms In each case, the book explains the background to the methodology, looks at the underlying principles and assumptions, and outlines the potential limitations and pitfalls. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science is an ideal resource for both ecologists who are new to isotopic analysis, and more experienced isotope ecologists interested in innovative techniques and pioneering new uses.