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Author: M. Nafi Toksoez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Theoretical and observational research has been carried out in order to study tectonic strain. Theoretical calculations for a composite source model consisting of explosive and double couple components were compared to observed surface wave spectral ratios from underground nuclear explosions. A theoretical calculation is presented to explain the observed double couple component associated with tectonic stress release. Results from numerical calculations of induced flow behind island arcs and the associated tectonic stresses are presented. (Author).
Author: M. Nafi Toksoez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Theoretical and observational research has been carried out in order to study tectonic strain. Theoretical calculations for a composite source model consisting of explosive and double couple components were compared to observed surface wave spectral ratios from underground nuclear explosions. A theoretical calculation is presented to explain the observed double couple component associated with tectonic stress release. Results from numerical calculations of induced flow behind island arcs and the associated tectonic stresses are presented. (Author).
Author: M. Nafi Toksoz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Static and dynamic methods are developed to study the elastic field produced by earthquake faulting. An earthquake is considered as the slip on a planar fault due to frictional instability. The dynamics of a circular fault model is considered as a circular rupture front that expands subsonically from a nucleation point until it suddenly stops at its final radius. It was found that both the final slip on the fault and the rise time are zero on the edge of the fault and reach their maxima at the center of the fault. This slip-time history is quite different from that of the usual Haskell model where slip and rise time are assumed constant over the fault. The far field radiation due to this fault model was studied. A new method to compute the static near field of a shallow earthquake was developed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Seismic surface-wave generation by underground nuclear explosions releasing tectonic strain is studied through a series of synthetic radiation-pattern calculations based on the earthquake-trigger model. From amplitude and phase radiation patterns for 20-s Rayleigh waves, inferences are made about effects on surface-wave magnitude, M/sub s/, and waveform character. The focus of this study is a comparison between two mechanisms of tectonic strain release: strike-slip motion on vertical faults and thrust motion on 45° dipping faults. The results of our calculations show that Rayleigh-wave amplitudes of the dip-slip model at F values between 0.75 and 1.5 are significantly lower than amplitudes of the strike-slip model or of the explosion source alone. This effect translates into M/sub s/ values about 0.5 units lower than M/sub s/ of the explosion alone. Waveform polarity reversals occur in two of four azimuthal quadrants for the strike-slip model and in all azimuths of the dip-slip-thrust model for F values above about 3. A cursory examination of waveforms from presumed explosions in eastern Kazakhstan suggests that releases of tectonic strain are accompanying the detonation of many of these explosions. Qualitatively, the observations seem to favor the dip-slip-thrust model, which, in the case of a few explosions, must have F values above 3.
Author: Rodolfo Console Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
This volume presents different studies carried out on induced seismicity, both from experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Several examples of seismic activity induced by underground nuclear explosions, impoundment of artificial reservoirs, and mining activities are given and discussed. Another important subject which is covered is earthquakes induced by other large earthquakes. Further, tectonic stress release in the immediate vicinity of an underground nuclear explosion is treated. The release produces aftershocks of small magnitude, usually for several weeks, occurring a few kilometers within the shot point. This phenomenon is of importance in the context of monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The long period (approx 20s) Rayleigh and Love waves for 37 events at Shagan River and 47 events at NTS are inverted for source parameters using the best available information on propagation for each source receiver path and on excitation for each source region. At these periods, a three parameter source model is sufficient to describe the Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude and phase radiation patterns. However, the scatter in the source amplitudes dominates the radiation patterns of the surface waves, and additional station correction factors are necessary. These corrections are derived by simultaneously inverting many events from each test site for both the source parameters and station corrections. The inclusion of both Love and Rayleigh waves for events with a wide range of relative Love to Rayleigh wave excitation reduces possible bias in the station corrections. This feature is important because no events at either test site are free from tectonic release effects. The three source parameters do not constrain the size of the explosion source and further interpretation is necessary. At Shagan River, the tectonic release mechanism must include a substantial thrust-faulting component; at NTS, a strike slip fault model for the tectonic release is appropriate. With the thrust fault model, the Rayleigh waves from the typical (median event at Shagan River are reduced in amplitude by the effects of tectonic release by 0.3. The explosion moments of the largest events at Shagan River are slightly higher than the largest events analyzed from NTS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Surface waves recorded on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) digital network have been used to study five underground nuclear explosions detonated in Yucca Valley at the Nevada Test Site. The purpose of this study is to characterize the reduced displacement potential (RDP) at low frequencies and to test secondary source models of underground explosions. The observations consist of Rayleigh- and Love-wave amplitude and phase spectra in the frequency range 0.03 to 0.16 Hz. We have found that Rayleigh-wave spectral amplitudes are modeled well by a RDP with little or no overshoot for explosions detonated in alluvium and tuff. On the basis of comparisons between observed and predicted source phase, the spall closure source proposed by Viecelli does not appear to be a significant source of Rayleigh waves that reach the far field. We tested two other secondary source models, the strike-slip, tectonic strain release model proposed by Toksoez and Kehrer and the dip-slip thrust model of Masse. The surface-wave observations do not provide sufficient information to discriminate between these models at the low F-values (0.2 to 0.8) obtained for these explosions. In the case of the strike-slip model, the principal stress axes inferred from the fault slip angle and strike angle are in good agreement with the regional tectonic stress field for all but one explosion, Nessel. The results of the Nessel explosion suggest a mechanism other than tectonic strain release.
Author: M. Nafi Toksoez
Author: M. Nafi Toksoez
Author: K. K. Nakanishi
Author: M. Nafi Toksoz
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Author: R. M. Turpening
Author: H. J. Patton
Author: Rodolfo Console
Author: P. G. Richards
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