Deep Imaging in Tissue and Biomedical Materials PDF Download

Author: Lingyan Shi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351797387
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
The use of light for probing and imaging biomedical media is promising for the development of safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive clinical imaging modalities with diagnostic ability. The advent of ultrafast lasers has enabled applications of nonlinear optical processes, which allow deeper imaging in biological tissues with higher spatial resolution. This book provides an overview of emerging novel optical imaging techniques, Gaussian beam optics, light scattering, nonlinear optics, and nonlinear optical tomography of tissues and cells. It consists of pioneering works that employ different linear and nonlinear optical imaging techniques for deep tissue imaging, including the new applications of single- and multiphoton excitation fluorescence, Raman scattering, resonance Raman spectroscopy, second harmonic generation, stimulated Raman scattering gain and loss, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, and near-infrared and mid-infrared supercontinuum spectroscopy. The book is a comprehensive reference of emerging deep tissue imaging techniques for researchers and students working in various disciplines.

Author: Aaron Mok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Imaging large populations of neurons across multiple brain regions at substantial depth are necessary to understand animal behaviors. However, this is challenging for optical imaging due to: (a) optical aberrations, scattering, and absorption in biological tissue, and (b) the number of neurons that can be recorded is limited by the "photon budget"-under a maximum allowable average power on the biological sample, only a limited number of neurons can be imaged. This limits both imaging depth and imaging width in multiphoton imaging.In this thesis, we first report a simple and versatile tissue spectrometer to measure the optical scattering and absorption in biological samples in terms of ballistic and total transmittance at a wavelength from 450 nm to 1630 nm. The measurement results are important to determine the optimal excitation wave length and fluorophores for deep imaging. With measurements showing that fly head cuticle has high transmission at wavelengths of > 900 nm, we were able to develop a multiphoton imaging method to capture neural structure and activity in behaving flies through the intact cuticles. This through-cuticle imaging method extends the time limits of in-vivo imaging in flies and opens new avenues for imaging the neuronal structure and activity of an intact fly brain. Challenges posed by the photon budget for deep and wide imaging in multiphoton imaging can be partially mitigated by careful optimization of the excitation wavelength, excitation focus profile, and allocation of laser power. We carefully compared the excitation efficiency of Gaussian focus, variations of Gaussian focus, and Bessel focus. We found that for neuronal activity imaging in three-photon microscopy, using multiple foci on the same neuron with an enlarged Gaussian focus of _ 5 - 10 μm axial extension provides the best spike detection accuracy. Finally, we developed a synergistic combination of using multiple foci and adaptive excitation to reduce the average power required on the sample through the intelligent allocation of laser power only on the regions of interest. These optimizations lead to a more efficient imaging scheme in three-photon excitation. It enabled us to improve the efficiency, scanning speed, and field-of-view of three-photon microscopy without exceeding the allowable power limit. We built a large field-of-view multiphoton microscope for two- and three-photon imaging and demonstrated three-photon imaging with a field-of-view of _ 3.5 mm in diameter and > 1 mm in depth across various mouse brain regions and across the entire width of the zebrafish brain.

Author: Michael Ming-Yuan Wei
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966113X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223

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Book Description
Dr Ming-Yuan Wei currently holds a pending U.S. Patent Application entitled “Systems and Methods for High-Resolution Imaging”. All other Guest Editors have no other competing interests to declare with regards to the Topic subject.

Author: T.S.L Radhika
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466588136
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 584

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Book Description
Approximate Analytical Methods for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) is the first book to present all of the available approximate methods for solving ODEs, eliminating the need to wade through multiple books and articles. It covers both well-established techniques and recently developed procedures, including the classical series solution method, diverse perturbation methods, pioneering asymptotic methods, and the latest homotopy methods. The book is suitable not only for mathematicians and engineers but also for biologists, physicists, and economists. It gives a complete description of the methods without going deep into rigorous mathematical aspects. Detailed examples illustrate the application of the methods to solve real-world problems. The authors introduce the classical power series method for solving differential equations before moving on to asymptotic methods. They next show how perturbation methods are used to understand physical phenomena whose mathematical formulation involves a perturbation parameter and explain how the multiple-scale technique solves problems whose solution cannot be completely described on a single timescale. They then describe the Wentzel, Kramers, and Brillown (WKB) method that helps solve both problems that oscillate rapidly and problems that have a sudden change in the behavior of the solution function at a point in the interval. The book concludes with recent nonperturbation methods that provide solutions to a much wider class of problems and recent analytical methods based on the concept of homotopy of topology.

Author: Kohei Soga
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811596271
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263

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Book Description
This book explains transparency in biology with emphasis on bending and absorption, which together are the essence of transparency. The reader is provided with an understanding of why the interior of the body can be made to appear transparent through the application of elementary physics. Based on the principle of transparency, emerging imaging techniques using near-infrared light to view the body transparently are explained with examples such as cancer detection and temperature imaging of deep tissues. This book is useful to many researchers, including biologists, physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers as well as developers—all who seek a deep understanding of transparency in bioimaging.

Author: Fei Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Imaging with high spatial resolution and high specificity within intact tissues at depth has long been a critical research objective for implementation in biological studies. The development of imaging tools with the capability of deep imaging at cellular resolution would allow for more realistic and complicated biological hypotheses to be tested in their natural environment - intravitally. The most challenging aspects of such tool developments involve light scattering and aberration, which cause the light to distort along its propagation direction, limiting both its imaging depth and resolution. This thesis attempts to provide several solutions to overcomes these challenges. To overcome light scattering, imaging within the short-wave infrared region (SWIR, wavelength 1 - 2.5 micrometers) is explored in chapters 2-4. In chapter 2 and 3, reflectance confocal and fluorescence confocal microscopy are demonstrated providing 2-4 times deeper penetration than any previously reported work and preclude the possibility of using one-photon confocal microscopy for deep imaging, a method that has been rarely discussed. Furthermore, a study on the impact of staining inhomogeneity on the depth limit of fluorescence confocal microscopy also demonstrated the potential of confocal microscopy combined with SWIR and low staining inhomogeneity to achieve unprecedented imaging depth. After demonstrating the deep imaging capability of one-photon imaging at depth with a SWIR light source, a multimodal system combining three-photon, third-harmonic, and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is demonstrated in chapter 4. This multimodal system was able to achieve simultaneous imaging depth comparable to imaging with multiple contrast mechanisms in terms of the fluorescence, the harmonic signal, and the backscattering. Furthermore, this multimodal system provided complementary information about the mouse in vivo and represented a powerful intravital biological imaging tool. To overcome light aberration, adaptive optical methods are demonstrated in chapters 5-7. In chapter 5, a sensorless, adaptive optics, and indirect wavefront sensing system is demonstrated to improve SWIR-excited three-photon imaging, achieving about 7x signal enhancement in the mouse hippocampus area. This method is based on using the nonlinear three-photon fluorescence signal as feedback and involves light exposure during the optimization process. To reduce light exposure, a more direct wavefront sensing method is explored using a SWIR OCM system to directly sense the complex field of a biological sample in chapter 6. The advantage of this system, including its potential high-speed wavefront sensing and offline wavefront estimation, and its limitations with respect to phase stability are discussed. Finally, in chapter 7, a direct wavefront sensing method based on a cheap silicon wavefront sensor is presented. This method provides a convenient approach for aberration measurement with any experiment that involves SWIR ultrafast laser. This thesis shows the great promise to achieve high-resolution deep tissue imaging at a larger depth by combining longer wavelength at short-wave infrared region and adaptive optics. It is anticipated that this thesis work will open doors to much more exciting biological research in the near future.

Author: James G. Fujimoto
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190287780
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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Book Description
Biomedical optical imaging is a rapidly emerging research area with widespread fundamental research and clinical applications. This book gives an overview of biomedical optical imaging with contributions from leading international research groups who have pioneered many of these techniques and applications. A unique research field spanning the microscopic to the macroscopic, biomedical optical imaging allows both structural and functional imaging. Techniques such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy provide cellular level resolution imaging in biological systems. The integration of this technology with exogenous chromophores can selectively enhance contrast for molecular targets as well as supply functional information on processes such as nerve transduction. Novel techniques integrate microscopy with state-of-the-art optics technology, and these include spectral imaging, two photon fluorescence correlation, nonlinear nanoscopy; optical coherence tomography techniques allow functional, dynamic, nanoscale, and cross-sectional visualization. Moving to the macroscopic scale, spectroscopic assessment and imaging methods such as fluorescence and light scattering can provide diagnostics of tissue pathology including neoplastic changes. Techniques using light diffusion and photon migration are a means to explore processes which occur deep inside biological tissues and organs. The integration of these techniques with exogenous probes enables molecular specific sensitivity.

Author: Ngangbam Herojit Singh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040107117
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
This book offers detailed information on biomedical imaging using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (Deep CNN). It focuses on different types of biomedical images to enable readers to understand the effectiveness and the potential. It includes topics such as disease diagnosis and image processing perspectives. Deep Learning in Biomedical Signal and Medical Imaging discusses classification, segmentation, detection, tracking, and retrieval applications of non-invasive methods such as EEG, ECG, EMG, MRI, fMRI, CT, and X-RAY, amongst others. It surveys the most recent techniques and approaches in this field, with both broad coverage and enough depth to be of practical use to working professionals. It includes examples of the application of signal and image processing employing Deep CNN to Alzheimer’s, brain tumor, skin cancer, breast cancer, and stroke prediction, as well as ECG and EEG signals. This book offers enough fundamental and technical information on these techniques, approaches, and related problems without overcrowding the reader’s head. It presents the results of the latest investigations in the field of Deep CNN for biomedical data analysis. The techniques and approaches presented in this book deal with the most important and/or the newest topics encountered in this field. They combine the fundamental theory of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML,) and Deep CNN with practical applications in biology and medicine. Certainly, the list of topics covered in this book is not exhaustive, but these topics will shed light on the implications of the presented techniques and approaches on other topics in biomedical data analysis. The book is written for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, signal process engineering, biomedical imaging, and computer science. The specific and innovative solutions covered in this book for both medical and biomedical applications are critical to scientists, researchers, practitioners, professionals, and educators who are working in the context of the topics.

Author: Margarida Barroso
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351704494
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
This book offers an overview of imaging techniques used to investigate cells and tissue in their native environment. It covers the range of imaging approaches used, as well as the application of those techniques to the study of biological processes in cells and whole tissues within living organisms.

Author: Douglas J. Taatjes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592599931
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 505

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Book Description
A diverse collection of state-of-the-art methods for the microscopic imaging of cells and molecules. The authors cover a wide spectrum of complimentary techniques, including such methods as fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning cytometry. Additional readily reproducible protocols on confocal scanning laser microscopy, quantitative computer-assisted image analysis, laser-capture microdissection, microarray image scanning, near-field scanning optical microscopy, and reflection contrast microscopy round out this eclectic collection of cutting-edge imaging techniques now available. The authors also discuss preparative methods for particles and cells by transmission electron microscopy.