Techniques for Scheduling Time-triggered Resource-constrained Embedded Systems PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Techniques for Scheduling Time-triggered Resource-constrained Embedded Systems PDF full book. Access full book title Techniques for Scheduling Time-triggered Resource-constrained Embedded Systems by Ayman Khalifa Ghaly Gendy. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Ayman Khalifa Ghaly Gendy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
It is often argued that time-triggered (TT) architectures are the most suitable basis for safety-related applications as their use tends to result in highly-predictable system behaviour. This predictability is increased when TT architectures are coupled with the use of co-operative (or "non pre-emptive") task sets. Despite many attractive properties, such "time-triggered co-operative" (TTC) and related "time-triggered hybrid" (TTH) architectures rarely receive much attention in the research literature. One important reason for this is that these designs are seen to be "fragile": that is, small changes to the task set may require revisions to the whole schedule. Such revisions are seen as challenging and time consuming. To tackle this problem two novel algorithms (TTSA1 and TTSA2), which help to automate the process of scheduler selection and configuration, are introduced. While searching for a workable schedule, both the algorithms try to ensure that all task constraints are met, a co-operative scheduler is used whenever possible and the power consumption is kept as low as possible. The effectiveness of these algorithms is tested by means of empirical trials. Both TTSA1 and TTSA2, like most of scheduling algorithms introduced in the literature, rely on knowledge of task worst-case execution time (WCET). Unfortunately, determining the WCET of tasks is rarely straightforward. Even in situations where accurate WCET estimates are available at design time, variations in task execution time, between its best-case execution time (BCET) and its WCET, may still affect the system predictability and/or violate task constraints. In an effort to address this problem, a set of code-balancing techniques is introduced. Using an empirical study it is demonstrated that these techniques help in reducing the variations in task execution time, and hence increase the system predictability. These goals are achieved with a reduced power-consumption overhead, compared to alternative solutions.
Author: Ayman Khalifa Ghaly Gendy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
It is often argued that time-triggered (TT) architectures are the most suitable basis for safety-related applications as their use tends to result in highly-predictable system behaviour. This predictability is increased when TT architectures are coupled with the use of co-operative (or "non pre-emptive") task sets. Despite many attractive properties, such "time-triggered co-operative" (TTC) and related "time-triggered hybrid" (TTH) architectures rarely receive much attention in the research literature. One important reason for this is that these designs are seen to be "fragile": that is, small changes to the task set may require revisions to the whole schedule. Such revisions are seen as challenging and time consuming. To tackle this problem two novel algorithms (TTSA1 and TTSA2), which help to automate the process of scheduler selection and configuration, are introduced. While searching for a workable schedule, both the algorithms try to ensure that all task constraints are met, a co-operative scheduler is used whenever possible and the power consumption is kept as low as possible. The effectiveness of these algorithms is tested by means of empirical trials. Both TTSA1 and TTSA2, like most of scheduling algorithms introduced in the literature, rely on knowledge of task worst-case execution time (WCET). Unfortunately, determining the WCET of tasks is rarely straightforward. Even in situations where accurate WCET estimates are available at design time, variations in task execution time, between its best-case execution time (BCET) and its WCET, may still affect the system predictability and/or violate task constraints. In an effort to address this problem, a set of code-balancing techniques is introduced. Using an empirical study it is demonstrated that these techniques help in reducing the variations in task execution time, and hence increase the system predictability. These goals are achieved with a reduced power-consumption overhead, compared to alternative solutions.
Author: Mouaaz Nahas Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659380471 Category : Languages : en Pages : 580
Book Description
The work described in this book attempts to address the gap between scheduling theory and its practical implementation in real-time, resource-constrained embedded systems. Therefore, a simple technique, called Scheduler Test Case (STC), is proposed to explore the behaviour of a particular real-time scheduler implementation under different operating conditions. The focus of this work is on single-processor embedded systems employing Time-Triggered Co-operative (TTC) algorithm as a good match for many safety-critical applications. STC is a testing method which facilitates an empirical "black-box" comparison between the behaviour of representative implementations of the TTC algorithm. The STC technique is also used to evaluate the behaviour of multi-processor embedded designs employing Shared-Clock (S-C) scheduling architectures and TTC algorithm on the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Here, the STC technique explores the impact of the S-C scheduler implementation on the overall timing and communication behaviour of the system. The book concludes by listing the key advantages of the developed STC technique and suggests some ideas for future work.
Author: Sven Reimann Publisher: ISBN: 9783832539801 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Modern control systems are usually realized as embedded systems. This typically leads to resource-constrained control systems due to constraints on computing speed, memory size or communication bandwidth. In this thesis, scheduling and control strategies as well as event-triggered control strategies are addressed for handling the limited computation and communication resources. All proposed strategies are designed in a way, such that they can be realized based on output information. Part I focuses on scheduling and control design methods for distributing efficiently the limited computation and communication resources. First, an integrated control and scheduling design is proposed for controlling several plants over one share communication network, which assumes full state measurement. By including a switched observer the control and scheduling can be realized based on output information. Second, a strategy for scheduling a set of PI control tasks with limited computation resources is developed. The focus lies on the scheduling of PI control tasks with low computational overhead. Both presented strategies are online scheduling algorithms, where the scheduling decision is made based on output-feedback information of the plants. This allows a reactiveness to disturbances and reference changes and, hence, an improved control performance compared with offline scheduling algorithms. In Part II, a novel event-triggered PI control concept is developed for setpoint tracking problems. The focus lies on reducing the resource utilization, especially the communication over the feedback link, while maintaining a certain level of performance. An event-triggered PI control strategy is proposed, where both the event-triggering condition and the PI controller are realized periodically, such an implementation can be easily realized in a standard time-sliced embedded software architecture. Further, a control synthesis is presented, which allows to design the control parameters taking the event-triggered implementation into account. All proposed strategies in Part I and Part II are evaluated by simulations and experimental studies in comparison with related approaches from literature, to demonstrate the effectiveness.
Author: Kiyofumi Tanaka Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535101676 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Nowadays, embedded systems - the computer systems that are embedded in various kinds of devices and play an important role of specific control functions, have permitted various aspects of industry. Therefore, we can hardly discuss our life and society from now onwards without referring to embedded systems. For wide-ranging embedded systems to continue their growth, a number of high-quality fundamental and applied researches are indispensable. This book contains 19 excellent chapters and addresses a wide spectrum of research topics on embedded systems, including basic researches, theoretical studies, and practical work. Embedded systems can be made only after fusing miscellaneous technologies together. Various technologies condensed in this book will be helpful to researchers and engineers around the world.
Author: Bruno Bouyssounouse Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540251073 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 507
Book Description
This extensive and increasing use of embedded systems and their integration in everyday products mark a significant evolution in information science and technology. Nowadays embedded systems design is subject to seamless integration with the physical and electronic environment while meeting requirements like reliability, availability, robustness, power consumption, cost, and deadlines. Thus, embedded systems design raises challenging problems for research, such as security, reliable and mobile services, large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems, adaptation, component-based development, and validation and tool-based certification. This book results from the ARTIST FP5 project funded by the European Commision. By integration 28 leading European research institutions with many top researchers in the area, this book assesses and strategically advances the state of the art in embedded systems. The coherently written monograph-like book is a valuable source of reference for researchers active in the field and serves well as an introduction to scientists and professionals interested in learning about embedded systems design.
Author: Nan Guan Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319271989 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
This book describes state-of-the-art techniques for designing real-time computer systems. The author shows how to estimate precisely the effect of cache architecture on the execution time of a program, how to dispatch workload on multicore processors to optimize resources, while meeting deadline constraints, and how to use closed-form mathematical approaches to characterize highly variable workloads and their interaction in a networked environment. Readers will learn how to deal with unpredictable timing behaviors of computer systems on different levels of system granularity and abstraction.
Author: Michael Douglas Harrison Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540876979 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2008, held in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, in September 2008. The 32 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote papers and a panel session were carefully reviewed and selected from 115 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on software dependability, resilience, fault tolerance, security, safety cases, formal methods, dependability modelling, as well as security and dependability.
Author: Christian Artigues Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118623703 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
This title presents a large variety of models and algorithms dedicated to the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), which aims at scheduling at minimal duration a set of activities subject to precedence constraints and limited resource availabilities. In the first part, the standard variant of RCPSP is presented and analyzed as a combinatorial optimization problem. Constraint programming and integer linear programming formulations are given. Relaxations based on these formulations and also on related scheduling problems are presented. Exact methods and heuristics are surveyed. Computational experiments, aiming at providing an empirical insight on the difficulty of the problem, are provided. The second part of the book focuses on several other variants of the RCPSP and on their solution methods. Each variant takes account of real-life characteristics which are not considered in the standard version, such as possible interruptions of activities, production and consumption of resources, cost-based approaches and uncertainty considerations. The last part presents industrial case studies where the RCPSP plays a central part. Applications are presented in various domains such as assembly shop and rolling ingots production scheduling, project management in information technology companies and instruction scheduling for VLIW processor architectures.
Author: Ayman Khalifa Ghaly Gendy
Author: Ayman Khalifa Ghaly Gendy
Author: Mouaaz Nahas
Author: Mouaaz Nahas
Author: Sven Reimann
Author: Christos Koulamas
Author: Kiyofumi Tanaka
Author: Bruno Bouyssounouse
Author: Nan Guan
Author: Michael Douglas Harrison
Author: Christian Artigues