Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Resource Use of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae), Genus Highly Diversified in the Neotropics PDF Download

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Languages : en
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Languages : en
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Author: Nikita Kluge
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400708726
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450

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The book has general biological significance due to usage of the new non-ranking nomenclature and the rational layout of taxonomic text, which can be qualified as post-Linnaean systematics. While after the works by Lameere and Hennig, non-ranking classifications became widely used, this book represents the first experience of consistently non-ranking classification, including taxa of low taxonomic level (i.e. taxa traditionally regarded as genera, families et al.). In contrast to other recent attempts to elaborate a non-ranking nomenclature not contradictory to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this one appears to be successful and can be applied to any zoological taxa (although its application in botany could be possible only after further elaboration). Biology is currently going through a crisis, which causes some investigators to use such non-scientific methods of reconstructing phylogeny as parsimony analysis. The author believes that the new method of phylogeny description and reconstruction used in this book will help indicate a way out of this crisis.

Author: author 1
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781776881024
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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"Abstract: The Neotropical thread-legged bug genus Ghilianella Spinola, 1850 is the most diversified within Metapterini. A taxonomic revision of Ghilianella is presented, in which seventy seven species are recognized as valid, with twenty-one described as new: Ghilianella berengeri sp. nov.; Ghilianella bifurcata sp. nov.; Ghilianella bolivari sp. nov.; Ghilianella caldensis sp. nov.; Ghilianella dilatata sp. nov.; Ghilianella embera sp. nov.; Ghilianella fernandezi sp. nov.; Ghilianella ferruginosa sp. nov.; Ghilianella gilsantanai sp. nov.; Ghilianella goliath sp. nov.; Ghilianella gracilis sp. nov.; Ghilianella huaorani sp. nov.; Ghilianella jaguar sp. nov.; Ghilianella laticauda sp. nov.; Ghilianella maricruzae sp. nov.; Ghilianella quimbaya sp. nov.; Ghilianella scimitarra sp. nov.; Ghilianella tica sp. nov.; Ghilianella urbanoi sp. nov.; Ghilianella ventrimaculata sp. nov.; and Ghilianella weirauchae sp. nov. For the first time a female specimen is described for Ghilianella atriclava Bergroth, 1911, Ghilianella colona McAtee & Malloch, 1925 and Ghilianella pachitea McAtee & Malloch, 1925. Three new synonyms are recognized: Ghilianella bulbifera Champion, 1898 (=Ghilianella pendula McAtee & Malloch, 1925 syn. nov.; Ghilianella inflata Maldonado, 1981 syn. nov.) and Ghilianella strigata McAtee & Malloch, 1925 (=Ghilianella fenestrata Maldonado, 1960 syn. nov.). Eleven species are considered nomina dubia and one species nomen nudum. A key to species and digital images of the external morphology and genitalic structures for each species are provided. Additionally, we offer the first phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships within Ghilianella, using cladistic methods. Based on the phylogenetic results we dismiss all subgenera in Ghilianella and discuss the complex evolution of the abdominal expansions. Keywords: Taxonomic revision, phylogeny, Ghilianella, Ghinallelia, Metapterini, Neotropical region"--Page 4.

Author: Matthew McIvor Prebus
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438931428
Category :
Languages : en
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In this study, I investigate the phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the species-rich, Holarctic ant genus Temnothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with a special focus on the species of the salvini clade, which is established in Chapter 1. Furthermore, I analyze the evolution of behavioral traits in the genus overall, and infer species delimitations in the salvini species group, which is established in Chapter 2. Chapter 1 is a global phylogeny of Temnothorax, in which I use a combination of Sanger sequencing data, ultraconserved elements data, and morphological data to establish seven large clades within the genus. I analyze the historical biogeography of Temnothorax and find that the crown group likely arose in the Nearctic region at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, about 35 million years ago, coinciding with ancient global cooling. Moreover, I find that social parasitism arose several times independently within Temnothorax, as did arboreality. In Chapter 2 I re-estimate the phylogeny of Temnothorax using sequences from ultraconserved elements data, expand on the taxon sampling from Chapter 1, and reexamine the phylogeny in light of historical subgeneric classification systems. I find that the historical systems are inadequate and establish a two-tiered classification system based on the informal ranks “major clades” and “species groups”. Additionally, I establish species groups within the newly established salvini clade and infer species delimitations in the newly established salvini species group using a combination of model-based approaches with molecular data and morphometric analysis. Chapter 3 is a species-level taxonomic revision of the salvini clade of Temnothorax. In this part of the study, I review 61 species, 34 of which are described as new. I provide a key to all clades of Temnothorax in the New World, as well as a key to all species, and diagnosis, of the salvini clade. Finally, I redescribe all previously named species of the salvini clade and compile natural history observations of the species.

Author: Robert Alan Wharton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Braconidae
Languages : en
Pages : 448

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Author: Andrew Austin
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN: 9780643066106
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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The Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of terrestrial anthropods and compromises the sawflies, wasps, ants, bees and parasitic wasps. This book examines the current state of all major areas of research for this important group of insects, including systematics, biological control, behaviour and use in education.

Author: Donald L. J. Quicke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118907051
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 756

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The Ichneumonoidea is a vast and important superfamily of parasitic wasps, with some 60,000 described species and estimated numbers far higher, especially for small-bodied tropical taxa. The superfamily comprises two cosmopolitan families - Braconidae and Ichneumonidae - that have largely attracted separate groups of researchers, and this, to a considerable extent, has meant that understanding of their adaptive features has often been considered in isolation. This book considers both families, highlighting similarities and differences in their adaptations. The classification of the whole of the Ichneumonoidea, along with most other insect orders, has been plagued by typology whereby undue importance has been attributed to particular characters in defining groups. Typology is a common disease of traditional taxonomy such that, until recently, quite a lot of taxa have been associated with the wrong higher clades. The sheer size of the group, and until the last 30 or so years, lack of accessible identification materials, has been a further impediment to research on all but a handful of ‘lab rat’ species usually cultured initially because of their potential in biological control. New evidence, largely in the form of molecular data, have shown that many morphological, behavioural, physiological and anatomical characters associated with basic life history features, specifically whether wasps are ecto- or endoparasitic, or idiobiont or koinobiont, can be grossly misleading in terms of the phylogeny they suggest. This book shows how, with better supported phylogenetic hypotheses entomologists can understand far more about the ways natural selection is acting upon them. This new book also focuses on this superfamily with which the author has great familiarity and provides a detailed coverage of each subfamily, emphasising anatomy, taxonomy and systematics, biology, as well as pointing out the importance and research potential of each group. Fossil taxa are included and it also has sections on biogeography, global species richness, culturing and rearing and preparing specimens for taxonomic study. The book highlights areas where research might be particularly rewarding and suggests systems/groups that need investigation. The author provides a large compendium of references to original research on each group. This book is an essential workmate for all postgraduates and researchers working on ichneumonoid or other parasitic wasps worldwide. It will stand as a reference book for a good number of years, and while rapid advances in various fields such as genomics and host physiological interactions will lead to new information, as an overall synthesis of the current state it will stay relevant for a long time.

Author: C. van Achterberg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789073239159
Category : Braconidae
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Author: John LaSalle
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Increasing attention has been focused on biodiversity in recent years, based on a number of arguments to justify the conservation of the world's flora and fauna. Such arguments may be economic - that species may have potential for food or medicine - or ecological - that the extinction of any species affects the overall ecological balance. Little attention, however, has been focused on which groups have the greatest impact on maintaining diversity. Hymenoptera is one of these groups. It not only forms a major component of diversity itself, but is vital in sustaining diversity in other groups. Hymenoptera species (bees, wasps, ants and sawflies) are major plant pollinators, seed dispersers and parasitoids and predators of other arthropods (and hence important in biological control). This volume therefore tackles an important subject and concentrates on three key issues: how species of Hymenoptera affect diversity in other organisms; whether Hymenoptera is a group prone to extinction; and the consequences if Hymenoptera species are differentially removed from terrestrial ecosystems. The book is essential reading for entomologists and those concerned with biodiversity and conservation.