Taxes, Organizational Form, and the Deadweight Loss of the Corporate Income Tax PDF Download

Author: Austan Goolsbee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Book Description
By changing the relative gain to incorporation, corporate taxation can play an important role in a firm's choice of organizational form. General equilibrium models have shown that substantial shifting of organizational form in response to tax rates implies a large deadweight loss of taxation. This paper estimates the impact of taxes on organizational form using data from 1900-1939. The results indicate that the effect of taxes is significant but small. A corporate rate increase of .10 raises the non-corporate share of capital .002-.03. The implied deadweight loss of the corporate income tax is around 5-10% of revenue.

Author: Austan Goolsbee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business enterprises
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Book Description
By double taxing the income of corporate firms but not unincorporated firms, taxes can play an important role in a firm's choice of organizational form. The sensitivity of the organizational form decision to tax rates can also be used to approximate the efficiency cost of the corporate income tax. This paper uses new cross-sectional data on organizational form across states compiled in the Census of Retail Trade to estimate this sensitivity. The results document a significant impact of the relative taxation of corporate to personal income on the share of economic activity that is done by corporations including sales, employment, and the number of firms. The impacts are substantially larger than those found in the previous empirical literature based on time-series data.

Author: Rebecca Zarutskie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Book Description
This paper reconsiders the effects of taxes on firms' organizational form choices when there are differences in the convexity of firms' personal and corporate tax functions and when firms can choose the riskiness of their projects. Deadweight losses can occur when a firm chooses to be a corporate entity rather than a non-corporate entity in response to taxes and vice versa. This first type of tax distortion has been largely ignored in previous research. I provide evidence that this first type of distortion is occurring by examining the tax returns of a sample of S and C corporations. This evidence casts doubt on past estimates of the deadweight loss of the corporate tax.

Author: James C. Teague
Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated
ISBN: 9781622579983
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 106

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Book Description
In the United States, how a business is taxed at the federal level is partly dependent on how it is organized. Publicly traded corporations known as subchapter C corporations are taxed once at the corporate level according to the corporate tax system, and then a second time at the individual-shareholder level according to the individual tax system when corporate dividend payments are made or capital gains are realized. This leads to the so-called "double taxation"of corporate profits. Businesses that choose any other form of organization are, in general, taxed only once at the individual level. That is, the income of certain businesses passes through to the individual business owners and is taxed according to the individual income tax system. Examples of these alternative "pass-through"forms of organization include sole proprietorships, partnerships, subchapter S corporations, and limited liability companies. This book summarizes the general tax treatment of corporate and pass-through businesses and analyzes the most recent business data from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Author: George K. Yin
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 9781454859000
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
A concise, tightly-edited casebook that focuses on core principles and policies so students can learn the major patterns and themes of corporate taxation. Features: Focuses student attention on core principles and policies to enable students to learn the major patterns and themes of corporate tax Encourages students to learn the law from the basic source material --the Code and regulations--as supplemented by concise explanations when needed Many problems, questions, and examples help lead students through the challenging material An organizational structure that bridges concepts learned in the introductory income tax course and those presented in advanced tax classes. The text begins with subchapter S--an area of growing, practical significance--which serves to link individual and separate entity taxation Presents the taxation of transactions using a and"and"building-blockand"and" approach from basic to complex transactions. This approach helps students to grasp that many complex transactions are merely combinations of simpler ones, and that a given transaction may be structured in different ways to achieve different tax consequences Cases and other source materials are edited concisely and note material is kept to a manageable length Completely up-to-date. The organizational structure and text are fully integrated to reflect current developments, including codification of the economic substance doctrine; impact of corporate tax shelters and application of substance-over-form doctrine; increased importance of passthrough tax principles; comparable treatment of dividends and long-term capital gain; recent changes affecting acquisitive and divisive reorganizations; and policy implications of current corporate tax reform options

Author: Jane G. Gravelle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business enterprises
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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Book Description
This year marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of Arnold Harberger's celebrated model of the corporation income tax. While the model has been enormously useful as an analytical device for studying two sector economies, its usefulness for understanding the incidence and excess burden of the corporate income tax remains in question. One difficulty confronting all empirical analyses of the Harberger Model is how to treat noncorporate production in primarily corporate sectors and corporate production in primarily noncorporate sectors. The Harberger Model provides no real guide to this question since it assumes that one good is produced only by corporations and the other good is produced only by noncorporate firms. Stated differently, Harberger models the differential taxation of capital used in the production of different goods, rather than the taxation of capital used by corporations per se. This paper presents a two good model with corporate and noncorporate production of both goods. The incidence of the corporate tax in our Mutual Production Model (MPM) can differ markedly from that in the Harberger model. A hallmark of Harberger's corporate tax incidence formula is its dependence on differences across sectors in elasticities of substitution between capital and labor. In contrast, the incidence of the corporate tax in the MPM may fall 100 percent on capital regardless of sector differences in substitution elasticities. The difference between the two models in the deadweight loss from corporate taxation is also striking. Using the Harberger - Shoven data and assuming unitary substitution and demand elasticities, the deadweight loss is over ten times larger in the CES version of the MPM than in the Harberger Model. Part of the explanation for this difference is that in the Harberger Model only the difference in the average corporate tax in the two sectors is distortionary, while the entire tax is distortionary in the MPM. A second reason for the larger excess burden in the MPM is that the MPM has a very large, indeed infinite, substitution elasticity in demand between corporate and noncorporate goods; in contrast, applications of the Harberger Model assume this elasticity is quite small.

Author: Daniel N. Shaviro
Publisher: The Urban Insitute
ISBN: 9780877667575
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
"The corporate tax could soon be headed in new directions," Dan Shaviro writes in Decoding the U.S. Corporate Tax, wherein he assesses the threats to America's corporate tax code and challenges conventional wisdom on the best avenues for reform. Shaviro dissects the vagaries of the law, lays out the fundamental policy issues, and considers the road ahead. As rising globalization, capital mobility, financial innovation, and political polarization combine to destabilize tax policy and government revenue, Shaviro maps the path to fair, revenue-generating reform.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description

Author: Austan Goolsbee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Book Description
By changing the relative gain to incorporation, corporate taxation can play an important role in a firm's choice of organizational form. General equilibrium models have shown that substantial shifting of organizational form in response to tax rates implies a large deadweight loss of taxation. This paper estimates the impact of taxes on organizational form using data from 1900-1939. The results indicate that the effect of taxes is significant but small. A corporate rate increase of .10 raises the non-corporate share of capital .002-.03. The implied deadweight loss of the corporate income tax is around 5-10% of revenue.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Corporate income taxation has a profound impact on economic behavior in the United States. This dissertation focuses on two aspects: the impact of dividend taxation on investment and the impact of corporate income tax exemption on nonprofit organizations activity. The first essay compares dividend payout ratios of C and S corporations to test the validity of the traditional and the new views on dividend taxation. Average corporate income tax rate is used as an instrumental variable. The results support the traditional view. The second essay focuses on whether the exemption of nonprofit organizations from the corporate income tax affects the competition between for-profit and nonprofit hospitals. Time series and panel data analysis show that tax subsidies to nonprofit organizations have a positive impact on nonprofit hospitals' market share.