Tariffs and Trade Policies for the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector PDF Download

Author: Stephen E. Guisinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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Author: Dawit Kebede Zenebe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This dissertation investigates the productivity, employment, and resource reallocation effects of unilateral trade liberalization policy in Ethiopia's manufacturing industry. The research uses data from a census of medium and large manufacturing firms from 2000 to 2009. It estimates the gains in average firm-level productivity due to reduced tariffs on imported goods and raw material inputs. The results show that a 10 percentage point reduction in output tariff increases the productivity of exporting firms by 6 percent compared to domestic oriented firms. A similar fall in intermediate input tariff results in 21 percent increase in productivity for the average firm, three times higher than the improvement obtained from reducing output tariffs. The result also shows that tariff reduction benefits firms that are at the higher end of the productivity distribution compared to low productive firms. This study shows that firms' decision to exit the industry is not directly affected by cheap import competition due to reduced output tariffs but indirectly through the effect tariffs on productivity. A dynamic Olley-Pakes productivity decomposition indicates that market share reallocation from low to high productive firms contributes for 73 percent of the improvement in aggregate industry productivity followed by within firm improvement in productivity, and exit of low productive firms. This research shows that tariff reduction significantly affects industry market share reallocation. The result from the employment effects of trade liberalization indicate that reduced tariff causes a decline on firm- level demand for the average firm even after controlling for the effect of access to cheaper and variety inputs. A 1 percentage point decline in output tariff results in a 1.5 percent reduction in labor demand for the average firm. Exporting and high productive firms that gained further increase in productivity after tariff reduction did not expand their labor demand as expected.

Author: Marc Bacchetta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789287038128
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Author: Shiferaw Gonfa Wakene
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346352935
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 66

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Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: Excellent, , course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: This study is conducted to investigate Ethiopian exports efficiency by using a stochastic frontier analysis model with panel data to estimate if countries operated at the frontier with its major trading partners. Export efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual exports to the maximum possible volume. In addition, the study investigates the factors of export efficiency, focusing on Ethiopia’s exports to its major trading partners during the period 2006 to 2017. The arable land, gross domestic product and population of Ethiopia and of the trade partner’s countries, distance between Ethiopia and trade partners’ countries, gross capital formation, and geographical location of trade partner’s countries determines the export flows of Ethiopian export. As a result the estimated coefficient of determinants shows that population and gross domestic product have significantly and positively affect the Ethiopian export sector. The empirical results show that the volume of Ethiopian actual exports is far below the estimated efficient level, and that there is considerable room for increasing Ethiopia’s exports. The trend of agricultural export efficiency shows some improvement over the stated years while manufacturing sector shows decreases. Those findings imply that Ethiopia should search the redemption policy that enables the country to maximize the efficiency of the sector by using all possible potential.

Author: Fantu Cheru
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192546457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 872

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Book Description
From a war-torn and famine-plagued country at the beginning of the 1990s, Ethiopia is today emerging as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Growth in Ethiopia has surpassed that of every other sub-Saharan country over the past decade and is forecast by the International Monetary Fund to exceed 8 percent over the next two years. The government has set its eyes on transforming the country into a middle-income country by 2025, and into a leading manufacturing hub in Africa. The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy studies this country's unique model of development, where the state plays a central role, and where a successful industrialization drive has challenged the long-held erroneous assumption that industrial policy will never work in poor African countries. While much of the volume is focused on post-1991 economic development policy and strategy, the analysis is set against the background of the long history of Ethiopia, and more specifically on the Imperial period that ended in 1974, the socialist development experiment of the Derg regime between 1974 and 1991, and the policies and strategies of the current EPRDF government that assumed power in 1991. Including a range of contributions from both academic and professional standpoints, this volume is a key reference work on the economy of Ethiopia.

Author: Abraham Tekeste
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814953
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 511

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Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Author: World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815569
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Author: Michael G. Plummer
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9290921978
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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Book Description
This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.

Author: Ben Bernanke
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262025034
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 418

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Book Description
The NBER Macroeconomics Annual presents, extends, and applies pioneering work in macroeconomics and stimulates work by macroeconomists on important policy issues. Each paper in the Annual is followed by comments and discussion.