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Author: Andy J. Luke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
Introduction of dicamba-tolerant soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) will improve management of increasing populations of herbicide-resistant weeds. However, increased use will lead to risks for damage to susceptible crops such as adjacent soybeans. Research on cleaning commercial spray equipment used to apply dicamba on tolerant soybeans followed by application of other herbicides on sensitive soybeans is needed. Soybean injury and yield following application of spray tank rinsates containing dicamba was studied in 2015 and 2016. Dicamba was applied through two commercial sprayers and spray equipment was subsequently treated with water or one of four cleaning agents (water alone, ammonia, Cleanse® or Erase®). This initial treatment was considered a first rinsate, and was followed by two rinses of water (second and third rinsate). Rinsate solutions were applied on V3 or R1 soybeans. Visible damage was observed at 7 days after treatment (DAT), especially for first rinsates (6 to 16[percent] for V3 treated plants and up to 22[percent] for R1 plants). At 14 DAT, plant height was reduced up to 48 and 33[percent] on V3 and R1 treated soybeans, respectively. Stunting on R1 treated soybeans persisted until the end of the season. First risnates reduced yields up to 11 and 46[percent] for V3 and R1 soybeans respectively, compared to the untreated control. For third rinsates, yields for R1 plants were reduced up to 6[percent], with no effect on V3 plants. Cleaning agents can reduce residues of dicamba in contaminated equipment, but dilution of residues by a triple rinse procedure is most important.
Author: Andy J. Luke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
Introduction of dicamba-tolerant soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) will improve management of increasing populations of herbicide-resistant weeds. However, increased use will lead to risks for damage to susceptible crops such as adjacent soybeans. Research on cleaning commercial spray equipment used to apply dicamba on tolerant soybeans followed by application of other herbicides on sensitive soybeans is needed. Soybean injury and yield following application of spray tank rinsates containing dicamba was studied in 2015 and 2016. Dicamba was applied through two commercial sprayers and spray equipment was subsequently treated with water or one of four cleaning agents (water alone, ammonia, Cleanse® or Erase®). This initial treatment was considered a first rinsate, and was followed by two rinses of water (second and third rinsate). Rinsate solutions were applied on V3 or R1 soybeans. Visible damage was observed at 7 days after treatment (DAT), especially for first rinsates (6 to 16[percent] for V3 treated plants and up to 22[percent] for R1 plants). At 14 DAT, plant height was reduced up to 48 and 33[percent] on V3 and R1 treated soybeans, respectively. Stunting on R1 treated soybeans persisted until the end of the season. First risnates reduced yields up to 11 and 46[percent] for V3 and R1 soybeans respectively, compared to the untreated control. For third rinsates, yields for R1 plants were reduced up to 6[percent], with no effect on V3 plants. Cleaning agents can reduce residues of dicamba in contaminated equipment, but dilution of residues by a triple rinse procedure is most important.
Author: Milos Zaric Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Availability of dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops from 2017 provided farmers with additional herbicides for weed control management in row crops. However, the technology alike this one has concerns regarding dicamba off-target movement (OTM) causing undesirable effects on sensitive vegetation. Even though dicamba has high water solubility OTM that has often been overlooked when it comes to unintended crop exposure is dicamba tank contamination. Considering the complexity of spraying equipment soybean response may be expected even when small amounts of residues are left in the spray equipment. Typically, the same field spray equipment is used to perform herbicide application through growing season there is a limited knowledge how various postemergence (POST) programs impacts soybean response when found in scenario with dicamba tank contamination and requires additional research. Furthermore, as one way to mitigate OTM potential release of DT crops was followed with registration of various agents also known as drift-reducing agents (DRAs). Increased awareness of both growers and commercial applicators to reduce unintended adjacent crops injury use of labeled DRAs in combination with drift-reduction nozzles represent common practice. Exposure of sensitive crops to sublethal doses of dicamba has been well documented over several years; however, there is limited information available how combination with commonly used DRA's may impact application process and weed control. Considering limitations on available literature the main objective of this research were: 1) evaluate response of non-DT soybean variety when exposed to commonly applied POST herbicide program in combination without or with dicamba as tank-contaminant and 2) evaluate impact of DRAs on weed control in response to dicamba applications. The results of this research expanded knowledge and will help in education in the future management decisions about potential implications associated with common mitigation techniques used with dicamba application as well as helped with understanding how various POST herbicide program affect soybean response.
Author: Vinicius Velho Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The introduction of dicamba-tolerant (DT) soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in 2017 provided an additional tool for herbicide resistant weeds management. In the subsequent years, off-target movement of dicamba allegedly caused damage to sensitive crops and vegetation. Possible causes of off-target movement include tank contamination, physical drift, and volatility. Additional products, such as herbicides to control grass, are often added to tank with dicamba, which is used to control broadleaf weeds, to increase the spectrum of control and application efficiency. Dicamba products registered for DT crops require the use of drift reducing agents to mitigate unintended effects to adjacent crops. Sprayers are complex machines with valves, hoses, tanks, and nozzles that can retain herbicide residues and cause symptomology and/or injury to crops if proper cleanout procedures are not performed. Recommended cleanout procedures can be found in dicamba product labels, but there is no information available reporting the effect of tank mixtures or different dicamba formulations on retention of residues. The objective of this research was to: 1) evaluate the dicamba retention of potential tank mixtures with dicamba and drift reducing adjuvants, clethodim as well as tank-cleaning agents on non-DT soybeans, 2) evaluate the cleanout procedures of commonly used dicamba products, on non-DT soybean, and 3) investigate how the rinsate following cleanout procedures of dicamba mixtures affect such as soybean, cotton, tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.).
Author: Muhammad Siddiq Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118448286 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
The common beans and pulses are diverse food resources of high nutritional value (protein, energy, fiber and vitamins and minerals) with broad social acceptance. These legume crops demonstrate global adaptability, genotypic and phenotypic diversity, and multiple means of preparation and dietary use. Beans and pulses are produced in regions as diverse as Latin America, Africa, Asia, and North America, and on a scale similar to some other crops, such as wheat, corn, rice and soybeans. Numerous factors influence utilization, including bean type and cultivar selection, cropping environment and systems, storage conditions and handling infrastructure, processing and final product preparation. Nutrient content and bio-availability are dramatically influenced by these conditions. In recent years, beans and pulses have been cited for imparting specific positive health potentiating responses, such as hypocholesteremic response, mitigation of diabetes and colonic cancer, and weight control. Enhanced dry bean utilization focused on improved dietary health is an opportunity within both subsistent and developed populations. This book provides a contemporary source of information that brings together current knowledge and practices in the value chain of beans/pulses production, processing, and nutrition. It provides in-depth coverage of a wide variety of pertinent topics including: breeding, postharvest technologies, composition, processing technologies, food safety, quality, nutrition, and significance in human health. An experienced team of over 25 contributors from North America, Asia, and Africa has written 15 chapters, divided into three sections: Overview, production and postharvest technologies of beans and pulses Composition, value-added processing and quality Culinology, nutrition, and significance in human health Contributors come from a field of diverse disciplines, including crop sciences, food science and technology, food biochemistry, food engineering, nutritional sciences, and culinology. Dry Beans and Pulses Production, Processing and Nutrition is an essential resource for scientists, processors and nutritionists, whatever the work setting.
Author: R. Michael Roe Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 9789051993110 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Developments in the understanding of herbicide activity and toxicology have expanded tremendously in the past fifteen years. Research on the mechanism of action of most major classes of herbicide chemistry has provided scientists with excellent insight into enzyme targets. More recently, developments in molecular biology have provided information about herbicide action at the genetic level. Less well understood are the toxicological aspects of herbicide activity that culminate in plant injury or death. Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Herbicide Activity is a review of the recent literature on most of the major classes of herbicide chemistry in commercial use. The chapters include information about different aspects of herbicide activity related to photosynthesis, inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis, disruption of cell division and microtubule assembly, activity of phytohormone (auxin) mimics, inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and some developments in the understanding of herbicide resistance.
Author: D. Bruce Turner Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566700238 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
This completely updated and revised Second Edition of the popular Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates provides an important foundation for understanding dispersion modeling as it is being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette will help you determine the impacts of various sources of air pollution, including the effects of wind and turbulence, plume rise, and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations. Information is shown in summary graphs as well as in equations. The programs included on the diskette allow you to "get the feel" for the results you'll obtain through the input of various combinations of parameter values. The sensitivity of data to various parameters can be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the effect on the results. The book presents 37 example problems with solutions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations for many situations.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251305056 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.
Author: Janis Mc Farland Ph.D. Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080559638 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 604
Book Description
Over the past 50 years, triazines have made a great impact on agriculture and world hunger by assisting in the development of new farming methods, providing greater farming and land use capabilities, and increasing crop yields. Triazines are registered in over 80 countries and save billions of dollars a year. The Triazine Herbicides is the one book that presents a comprehensive view of the total science and agriculture of these chemicals. With emphasis on how the chemicals are studied and developed, reviewed, and used at the agricultural level this book provides valuable insight into the benefits of triazine herbicides for sustainable agriculture. - Presents previously unpublished information on the discovery, development and marketing of herbicides - Includes a vital section on the origin, use, economics and fate of triazine herbicides - Covers benefits of triazines in corn and sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops - Establishes best management practice and environmental benefits of use in conservation tillage
Author: James N. Seiber Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000461653 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
The air is an important but largely unrecognized source of contaminant fate in the environment, including transport of pesticides and contaminants to nontarget areas and exposures for people and wildlife. This book summarizes and places in perspective the potential transport, transformation, and health implications of pesticides and contaminants in air, including the air we breathe. It delves into the hypothesis that the atmosphere is the most significant environmental compartment affecting the overall transport and fate of many classes of environmental contaminants. The authors draw parallels between sampling, analysis, and impact of airborne toxics and particulate matter with the COVID-19 pandemic. Airborne viruses and fine particulate matter, which are of similar size, have remarkable parallels in how they are transmitted and accumulated in the respiratory tract. FEATURES Assesses exposures of people and wildlife to airborne chemicals Includes case study applications, with relevant data summarized for pesticides and contaminants in air Discusses approaches to modeling pesticides’ and contaminants’ dispersion and fate in air Includes an assessment of the physicochemical properties of pesticides and contaminants that influence sampling and atmospheric mobility and fate The authors are global experts in air contaminant research, and this book is well organized and helpful for people interested in regulatory, health, and other topics related to pesticides and contaminants in air. James N. Seiber is a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Davis. Thomas M. Cahill is an Associate Professor in the School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences at Arizona State University.
Author: Andy J. Luke
Author: Andy J. Luke
Author: Milos Zaric
Author: Vinicius Velho
Author: Muhammad Siddiq
Author: R. Michael Roe
Author: D. Bruce Turner
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Janis Mc Farland Ph.D.
Author: James N. Seiber
Author: C. A. Clark