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Author: James-Kevin Young Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
The natural neurogenesis after neuron death in cases like traumatic brain injury and neurological diseases is sparse. Increasing the replenishment of functional neurons can improve patient outcome and prognosis. One way to encourage neurogenesis is by selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells and neural stem cells in the brain. Gene delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to accomplish this due to the development of effective gene transfer vehicles and the identification of factors that can modulate neural differentiation. The first half of this thesis focuses on improving the efficacy of synthetic gene delivery vehicles. Typically, negative-charged DNA is condensed and protected from degradation by complexing it with positively charged materials. These cationic materials improve gene transfection efficiency by enabling for endosomal uptake and escape from the lysosomal degradation pathway. However, the cationic nature of the materials also brings about deleterious effects such as cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, a there is a balance between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity with cationic vectors. Strategies to reduce cytotoxicity and improve upon transfection efficiency are explored in this section. Even with the most effective transfection agents, a major hurdle is reaching the neural progenitor cells and neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier effectively block substances from reaching the brain parenchyma after systemic and intraventricular injection. Recently, the use of microbubbles and ultrasound have been shown to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier and allow the permeation of larger molecular drugs into the brain parenchyma. Microbubbles and ultrasound will be investigated as a way to disrupt the brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and increase the permeation of our gene delivery vehicles into the brain in the second half of this thesis.
Author: James-Kevin Young Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
The natural neurogenesis after neuron death in cases like traumatic brain injury and neurological diseases is sparse. Increasing the replenishment of functional neurons can improve patient outcome and prognosis. One way to encourage neurogenesis is by selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells and neural stem cells in the brain. Gene delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to accomplish this due to the development of effective gene transfer vehicles and the identification of factors that can modulate neural differentiation. The first half of this thesis focuses on improving the efficacy of synthetic gene delivery vehicles. Typically, negative-charged DNA is condensed and protected from degradation by complexing it with positively charged materials. These cationic materials improve gene transfection efficiency by enabling for endosomal uptake and escape from the lysosomal degradation pathway. However, the cationic nature of the materials also brings about deleterious effects such as cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, a there is a balance between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity with cationic vectors. Strategies to reduce cytotoxicity and improve upon transfection efficiency are explored in this section. Even with the most effective transfection agents, a major hurdle is reaching the neural progenitor cells and neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier effectively block substances from reaching the brain parenchyma after systemic and intraventricular injection. Recently, the use of microbubbles and ultrasound have been shown to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier and allow the permeation of larger molecular drugs into the brain parenchyma. Microbubbles and ultrasound will be investigated as a way to disrupt the brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and increase the permeation of our gene delivery vehicles into the brain in the second half of this thesis.
Author: Hari S. Sharma Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319576968 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
This book summarizes the latest research on drug and gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The chapters address safety concerns regarding the nanotechnology that is needed to develop nanomedicine for clinical practice. Particular focus is given to new technologies that have emerged in recent years to deliver therapeutic materials, such as genes, drugs, and other agents using nanotechnologies of diverse origin. This is an ideal book for students, teachers, researchers, and clinicians interested in a deeper understanding of nanotechnological advances in therapeutic medicine. This book also: Broadens readers’ understanding of viral vector gene delivery to the brain for treating neurogenetic diseases as well as targeted gene delivery into the brain using microbubble-facilitated focused ultrasound Covers in detail the latest developments in delivering therapeutic materials, such as siRNA delivery to the brain for treating neurological diseases, neuroprotective effects of gelatin nanoparticles in stroke, and nanowired drug delivery for brain diseases, heat stroke, and CNS injury Enriches understanding of new technologies for delivering therapeutic materials treating Alzheimer’s Disease, including targeted nanodrug delivery through the blood-brain barrier and the superior neuroprotective effects of nanowired drug delivery in Alzheimer’s Disease
Author: Masoud Mozafari Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128166045 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
Advanced Functional Polymers for Biomedical Applications presents novel techniques for the preparation and characterization of functionalized polymers, enabling researchers, scientists and engineers to understand and utilize their enhanced functionality in a range of cutting-edge biomedical applications. Provides systematic coverage of the major types of functional polymers, discussing their properties, preparation techniques and potential applications Presents new synthetic approaches alongside the very latest polymer processing and characterization methods Unlocks the potential of functional polymers to support ground-breaking techniques for drug and gene delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Author: Mansoor M. Amiji Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849319341 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
To treat disease or correct genetic disorders using gene therapy, the most suitable vehicle must be able to deliver genes to the appropriate tissues and cells in the body in a specific as well as safe and effective manner. While viruses are the most popular vehicles to date, their disadvantages include toxicity, limited size of genes they can carry, and limited scale of industrial production. Polymeric Gene Delivery: Principles and Applications is the first comprehensive book to specifically address polymeric gene delivery systems. Uniting the expertise of international academic and industrial scientists who are working in the area of polymeric vectors for gene delivery, it is written by prominent researchers directly involved in this field. The book is divided into five sections that deal with challenges and opportunities in gene delivery and the efficient delivery of genes into somatic cells using polymeric vectors. The authors discuss using biodegradable polymers, condensing and non-condensing polymeric systems, microspheres and nanospheres, and designing specialized delivery systems based on targeting strategies. Polymeric Gene Delivery: Principles and Applications accentuates the versatility of polymeric delivery systems, including the potential for biocompatibility, the ability to design their formulation and geometry for a specific purpose, and the ease of modification to the surface of polymeric carriers. This book is an up-to-date guide for researchers in the field and those interested in entering this dynamic field.
Author: Andrew P. Tosolini Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889454754 Category : Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
Gene therapy is at the forefront of current techniques that aim to re-establish functional connectivity, after an insult to the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Gene therapy makes the most of the existing cellular machinery and anatomical networks to facilitate molecular changes in DNA, RNA and proteins aiming to repair these disrupted connections. For instance, gene therapy is currently being used to target genes in conditions including spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, stroke and multiple sclerosis, amongst others. The various delivery routes include viral-vectors, genetically modified cellular implants, naked DNA/RNA, liposomes, Cre-Lox recombination, optogenetics and nanoparticles. In particular, gene therapy aims to restore function by augmenting the expression of neuroprotective/axonal growth-promoting neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, CNTF, NGF and GDNF, etc.). Furthermore, the downstream intracellular signalling pathways after receptor activation can also be targeted (e.g., mTor, MAPK, etc.). On the other hand, gene therapy can also be used to downregulate and/or remove faulty mutated genes, such as those contributing to disease progression or that inhibit axonal regeneration (e.g., SOD-1, TDP-43, Nogo-A, MAG, OmGP, etc.). Depending on the methodology, these genes, for instance, can be silenced, removed or replaced to alleviate the underlying pathology. As such, gene therapy can transform a largely toxic and inhibitory milieu surrounding a neuronal/axonal insult into a growth-permissive environment that will ultimately aid neuronal survival and functional regeneration. Moreover, gene therapy has the capacity to target non-neuronal cells and can be even used for neuroanatomical tract tracing. Ultimately, the principal outcome of gene therapy is to functionally restore damaged neuronal and/or axonal connections irrespective of the system it is being introduced in to. This Research Topic is devoted to work using gene therapy for the both the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
Author: Manuel Monleon Pradas Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118356683 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
Biomedical applications of Polymers from Scaffolds to Nanostructures The ability of polymers to span wide ranges of mechanical properties and morph into desired shapes makes them useful for a variety of applications, including scaffolds, self-assembling materials, and nanomedicines. With an interdisciplinary list of subjects and contributors, this book overviews the biomedical applications of polymers and focuses on the aspect of regenerative medicine. Chapters also cover fundamentals, theories, and tools for scientists to apply polymers in the following ways: Matrix protein interactions with synthetic surfaces Methods and materials for cell scaffolds Complex cell-materials microenvironments in bioreactors Polymer therapeutics as nano-sized medicines for tissue repair Functionalized mesoporous materials for controlled delivery Nucleic acid delivery nanocarriers Concepts include macro and nano requirements for polymers as well as future perspectives, trends, and challenges in the field. From self-assembling peptides to self-curing systems, this book presents the full therapeutic potential of novel polymeric systems and topics that are in the leading edge of technology.
Author: Ali Demir Sezer Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535108107 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 516
Book Description
This contribution book collects reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of novel drug delivery systems and their uses. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of different drug delivery systems. Since the advent of analytical techniques and capabilities to measure particle sizes in nanometer ranges, there has been tremendous interest in the use of nanoparticles for more efficient methods of drug delivery. On the other hand, this reference discusses advances in the design, optimization, and adaptation of gene delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genetic, and infectious diseases, and considers assessment and review procedures involved in the development of gene-based pharmaceuticals.
Author: Munmaya Mishra Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351653032 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1800
Book Description
The Concise Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials presents new and selected content from the 11-volume Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials Encyclopedia. The carefully culled content includes groundbreaking work from the earlier published work as well as exclusive online material added since its publication in print. A diverse and global team of renowned scientists provide cutting edge information concerning polymers and polymeric biomaterials. Acknowledging the evolving nature of the field, the encyclopedia also features newly added content in areas such as tissue engineering, tissue repair and reconstruction, and biomimetic materials.
Author: Usama Ahmad Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789856620 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Pharmaceutical formulations have evolved from simple and traditional systems to more modern and complex novel dosage forms. Formulation development is a tedious process and requires an enormous amount of effort from many different people. Developing a stable novel dosage form and further targeting it to the desired site inside the body has always been a challenge. The purpose of this book is to bring together scholarly articles that highlight recent developments and trends in pharmaceutical formulation science. Each article has been written by authors specializing in the subject area and hailing from top institutions around the world. The book has been written in a systematic and lucid style explaining all basic concepts and fundamentals in a very simple way. This book aims to serve the need of all individuals involved at any level in the pharmaceutical dosage form development. I sincerely hope that the book will be liked by inquisitive students and learned colleagues.
Author: James-Kevin Young Tan
Author: James-Kevin Young Tan
Author: Hari S. Sharma
Author: Masoud Mozafari
Author: Mansoor M. Amiji
Author: Andrew P. Tosolini
Author: Manuel Monleon Pradas
Author: Ali Demir Sezer
Author: Munmaya Mishra
Author: Usama Ahmad
Author: Gregory T. Clement