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Author: Jun Wu Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN: 9780612942646 Category : Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
In the second part of this thesis, I describe the influence of a water-soluble polymer (PVOH) on rates of polymer diffusion. In the presence of 2 to 17 wt% PVOH, the polymer diffusion rates in P(MMA-co-BA) latex films were retarded. The magnitude of the effect increased with the amount of PVOH present, and the effect was larger at 45°C than at 63°C. I show that the PVOH has its largest influence at the very early stages of polymer diffusion. The presence of post-added PVOH also retarded the polymer diffusion in the M250k P(VAc-DBM) latex films, while the presence of grafted PVOH significantly promoted the polymer diffusion rate and this effect increased with an increase of the degree of PVOH grafting. In the first part of this thesis, I describe polymer diffusion in films prepared from poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) [P(VAc-DBM)] latex dispersions. Two sets of polymers were investigated, one set containing 50% gel (high-M), the other set, with Mw & ap; 250,000 (M250K), free of a measurable gel content. Polymer diffusion was monitored with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET) technique and apparent diffusion coefficients (D app) were calculated. These values increased with temperature, and were characterized by apparent activation energy (Ea) of 37 kcal/mol for the high-M polymer and 45 kcal/mol for the M250K sample. The difference in E a values for the polymer diffusion can be ascribed to changes in the microscopic friction coefficient zeta0 and the differences in Tg of the two sets of samples. Another finding is that the polymer diffusion rate depends primarily on the molecular weight and degree of branching of the diffusing species and is much less sensitive to the cross-linked nature of the matrix present in one of the samples. Finally, I describe the synthesis of dye-labeled poly(vinyl acetate- co-ethylene) (EVA) latexes for ET experiments. I show that polymer diffusion in these EVA latex films was so rapid that mixing was complete by the time when the film was dry. I attribute this to a low T g of the EVA and low monomeric friction coefficient zeta0 at temperatures close to its Tg.
Author: Jun Wu Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN: 9780612942646 Category : Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
In the second part of this thesis, I describe the influence of a water-soluble polymer (PVOH) on rates of polymer diffusion. In the presence of 2 to 17 wt% PVOH, the polymer diffusion rates in P(MMA-co-BA) latex films were retarded. The magnitude of the effect increased with the amount of PVOH present, and the effect was larger at 45°C than at 63°C. I show that the PVOH has its largest influence at the very early stages of polymer diffusion. The presence of post-added PVOH also retarded the polymer diffusion in the M250k P(VAc-DBM) latex films, while the presence of grafted PVOH significantly promoted the polymer diffusion rate and this effect increased with an increase of the degree of PVOH grafting. In the first part of this thesis, I describe polymer diffusion in films prepared from poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) [P(VAc-DBM)] latex dispersions. Two sets of polymers were investigated, one set containing 50% gel (high-M), the other set, with Mw & ap; 250,000 (M250K), free of a measurable gel content. Polymer diffusion was monitored with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET) technique and apparent diffusion coefficients (D app) were calculated. These values increased with temperature, and were characterized by apparent activation energy (Ea) of 37 kcal/mol for the high-M polymer and 45 kcal/mol for the M250K sample. The difference in E a values for the polymer diffusion can be ascribed to changes in the microscopic friction coefficient zeta0 and the differences in Tg of the two sets of samples. Another finding is that the polymer diffusion rate depends primarily on the molecular weight and degree of branching of the diffusing species and is much less sensitive to the cross-linked nature of the matrix present in one of the samples. Finally, I describe the synthesis of dye-labeled poly(vinyl acetate- co-ethylene) (EVA) latexes for ET experiments. I show that polymer diffusion in these EVA latex films was so rapid that mixing was complete by the time when the film was dry. I attribute this to a low T g of the EVA and low monomeric friction coefficient zeta0 at temperatures close to its Tg.
Author: Jung Kwon Oh Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN: 9780612917088 Category : Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
Different dye-labeled latex particles were synthesized. Donor-labeled P(VAc-BA) latex particles were prepared with phenanthrene (Phe) as the donor group. Attempts to synthesize latex particles labeled with anthracene (An) as the corresponding acceptor group failed because An derivatives inhibited VAc polymerization. New polymerizable dimethylaminobenzophenone (NBen) derivatives were developed. These NBen derivatives proved to be useful energy transfer acceptors for Phe and they were compatible with VAc polymerization. A broad series of P(VAc-BA) latex particles labeled with Phe and with NBen were prepared. These latex particles contain significant amounts of gel. This gel has a strong influence on polymer diffusion in latex films. The amount of gel in the polymer could be reduced or eliminated by adding a chain transfer agent to the polymerization reaction. This thesis describes experiments that examine film formation and polymer diffusion in poly(vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate) (P(VAc-BA)) latex films. From a practical perspective, this copolymer was chosen as a model for architectural coatings. From a theoretical perspective, this polymer allowed us to investigate polymer diffusion in films of randomly branched polymers. Polymer diffusion was studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET) measurements. This methodology requires latex particles labeled with donor and acceptor dyes. Fluorescence decay measurements of ET efficiency were used to study polymer diffusion in films of these latex samples. The most important variables that affect the polymer diffusion rate are temperature, molar mass, the nature of phase separation in the latex polymers, and the presence of gel. It was found that temperature enhances the rate of polymer diffusion, while high molar mass and a phase-separated morphology largely slow the rate of polymer diffusion. The presence of gel limits full mixing of polymers in these latex films.
Author: Yildirim H. Erbil Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 142003880X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
The versatility of the emulsion copolymerization reaction and the ability to control the properties of the final latices have led to rapid expansion both in the quantity of polyvinylacetate and vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer latices and in their applications. Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers provides
Author: Sabu Thomas Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527331530 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 972
Book Description
Filling the gap for a reference dedicated to the characterization of polymer blends and their micro and nano morphologies, this book provides comprehensive, systematic coverage in a one-stop, two-volume resource for all those working in the field. Leading researchers from industry and academia, as well as from government and private research institutions around the world summarize recent technical advances in chapters devoted to their individual contributions. In so doing, they examine a wide range of modern characterization techniques, from microscopy and spectroscopy to diffraction, thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical measurements and chromatography. These methods are compared with each other to assist in determining the best solution for both fundamental and applied problems, paying attention to the characterization of nanoscale miscibility and interfaces, both in blends involving copolymers and in immiscible blends. The thermodynamics, miscibility, phase separation, morphology and interfaces in polymer blends are also discussed in light of new insights involving the nanoscopic scale. Finally, the authors detail the processing-morphology-property relationships of polymer blends, as well as the influence of processing on the generation of micro and nano morphologies, and the dependence of these morphologies on the properties of blends. Hot topics such as compatibilization through nanoparticles, miscibility of new biopolymers and nanoscale investigations of interfaces in blends are also addressed. With its application-oriented approach, handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors, this is an outstanding survey for anyone involved in the field of polymer blends for advanced technologies.
Author: Charles E. Carraher Jr. Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468447483 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
The first concern of scientists who are interested in synthetic polymers has always been, and still is: How are they synthesized? But right after this comes the question: What have I made, and for what is it good? This leads to the important topic of the structure-property relations to which this book is devoted. Polymers are very large and very complicated systems; their character ization has to begin with the chemical composition, configuration, and con formation of the individual molecule. The first chapter is devoted to this broad objective. The immediate physical consequences, discussed in the second chapter, form the basis for the physical nature of polymers: the supermolecular interactions and arrangements of the individual macromolecules. The third chapter deals with the important question: How are these chemical and physical structures experimentally determined? The existing methods for polymer characterization are enumerated and discussed in this chapter. The following chapters go into more detail. For most applications-textiles, films, molded or extruded objects of all kinds-the mechanical and the thermal behaviors of polymers are of pre ponderant importance, followed by optical and electric properties. Chapters 4 through 9 describe how such properties are rooted in and dependent on the chemical structure. More-detailed considerations are given to certain particularly important and critical properties such as the solubility and permeability of polymeric systems. Macromolecules are not always the final goal of the chemist-they may act as intermediates, reactants, or catalysts. This topic is presented in Chapters 10 and 11.
Author: Chuanbing Tang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 352734019X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
Offering a unique perspective summarizing research on this timely important topic around the globe, this book provides comprehensive coverage of how molecular biomass can be transformed into sustainable polymers. It critically discusses and compares a few classes of biomass - oxygen-rich, hydrocarbon-rich, hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon (including carbon dioxide) as well as natural polymers - and equally includes products that are already commercialized. A must-have for both newcomers to the field as well as established researchers in both academia and industry.
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