Author: M. Jaroniec
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537227
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 711
Book Description
Nanoporous Materials III contains the invited lectures and peer-reviewed oral and poster contributions to be presented at the 3rd Conference on Nanoporous Materials, which will be hosted in Ottawa, Canada, June 2002. The work covers complementary approaches to and recent advances in the field of nanostructured materials with pore sizes larger than 1nm, such as periodic mesoporous molecular sieves M41S and FSM16 and related materials including clays, carbon molecular sieves, colloidal crystal templated organic and inorganic materials, porous polymers and sol gels. The broad range of topics covered in relation to the synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous materials are of great importance for advanced adsorption, catalytic and separation processes as well as the development of nanotechnology. The contents of this title are based on topics to be discussed by invited lecturers, which deal with periodic mesoporous organosilicas, stability and catalytic activity of aluminosilicate mesostructures, electron microscopy studies of ordered materials, imprinted polymers and highly porous metal-organic frameworks. The other contributions deal with tailoring the surface and structural properties of nanoporous materials, giving a detailed characterization as well as demonstrating their usefulness for advanced adsorption and catalytic applications.
Nanoporous Materials III
Author: M. Jaroniec
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537227
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 711
Book Description
Nanoporous Materials III contains the invited lectures and peer-reviewed oral and poster contributions to be presented at the 3rd Conference on Nanoporous Materials, which will be hosted in Ottawa, Canada, June 2002. The work covers complementary approaches to and recent advances in the field of nanostructured materials with pore sizes larger than 1nm, such as periodic mesoporous molecular sieves M41S and FSM16 and related materials including clays, carbon molecular sieves, colloidal crystal templated organic and inorganic materials, porous polymers and sol gels. The broad range of topics covered in relation to the synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous materials are of great importance for advanced adsorption, catalytic and separation processes as well as the development of nanotechnology. The contents of this title are based on topics to be discussed by invited lecturers, which deal with periodic mesoporous organosilicas, stability and catalytic activity of aluminosilicate mesostructures, electron microscopy studies of ordered materials, imprinted polymers and highly porous metal-organic frameworks. The other contributions deal with tailoring the surface and structural properties of nanoporous materials, giving a detailed characterization as well as demonstrating their usefulness for advanced adsorption and catalytic applications.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537227
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 711
Book Description
Nanoporous Materials III contains the invited lectures and peer-reviewed oral and poster contributions to be presented at the 3rd Conference on Nanoporous Materials, which will be hosted in Ottawa, Canada, June 2002. The work covers complementary approaches to and recent advances in the field of nanostructured materials with pore sizes larger than 1nm, such as periodic mesoporous molecular sieves M41S and FSM16 and related materials including clays, carbon molecular sieves, colloidal crystal templated organic and inorganic materials, porous polymers and sol gels. The broad range of topics covered in relation to the synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous materials are of great importance for advanced adsorption, catalytic and separation processes as well as the development of nanotechnology. The contents of this title are based on topics to be discussed by invited lecturers, which deal with periodic mesoporous organosilicas, stability and catalytic activity of aluminosilicate mesostructures, electron microscopy studies of ordered materials, imprinted polymers and highly porous metal-organic frameworks. The other contributions deal with tailoring the surface and structural properties of nanoporous materials, giving a detailed characterization as well as demonstrating their usefulness for advanced adsorption and catalytic applications.
Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents
Author: José M. Loureiro
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402051700
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
This book follows up an Advanced Research Workshop dedicated to the subject of adsorption. It presents an up-to-date review of the latest achievements in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid organic-inorganic materials and of carbon and combined adsorbents. The modeling of the adsorption process, including the simulation of carbon masks used for both civil and military protection purposes is also addressed. Includes applications in environmental, military and post-disaster situations.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402051700
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
This book follows up an Advanced Research Workshop dedicated to the subject of adsorption. It presents an up-to-date review of the latest achievements in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid organic-inorganic materials and of carbon and combined adsorbents. The modeling of the adsorption process, including the simulation of carbon masks used for both civil and military protection purposes is also addressed. Includes applications in environmental, military and post-disaster situations.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas
Author: Chang-Sik Ha
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811329591
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties, preparation routes and applications of a novel class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). Mesoporous silicas are amorphous inorganic materials which have silicon and oxygen atoms in their framework with pore size ranging from 2 to 50 nm. They can be synthesized from surfactants as templates for the polycondensation of various silicon sources such as tetraalkoxysilane. In general, mesoporous silica materials possess high surface areas, tunable pore diameters, high pore volumes and well uniformly organized porosity. The stable chemical property and the variable ability for chemical modification makes them ideal for many applications such as drug carrier, sensor, separation, catalyst, and adsorbent. Among such mesoporous silicas, in 1999, three groups in Canada, Germany, and Japan independently developed a novel class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). The organic functional groups in the frameworks of these solids allow tuning of their surface properties and modification of the bulk properties of the material. The book discusses the properties of PMOs, their preparation, different functionalities and morphology, before going on to applications in fields such as catalysis, drug delivery, sensing, optics, electronic devices, environmental applications (gas sensing and gas adsorption), biomolecule adsorption and chromatography. The book provides fundamental understanding of PMOs and their advanced applications for general materials chemists and is an excellent guide to these promising novel materials for graduate students majoring in chemical engineering, chemistry, polymer science and materials science and engineering.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811329591
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties, preparation routes and applications of a novel class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). Mesoporous silicas are amorphous inorganic materials which have silicon and oxygen atoms in their framework with pore size ranging from 2 to 50 nm. They can be synthesized from surfactants as templates for the polycondensation of various silicon sources such as tetraalkoxysilane. In general, mesoporous silica materials possess high surface areas, tunable pore diameters, high pore volumes and well uniformly organized porosity. The stable chemical property and the variable ability for chemical modification makes them ideal for many applications such as drug carrier, sensor, separation, catalyst, and adsorbent. Among such mesoporous silicas, in 1999, three groups in Canada, Germany, and Japan independently developed a novel class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). The organic functional groups in the frameworks of these solids allow tuning of their surface properties and modification of the bulk properties of the material. The book discusses the properties of PMOs, their preparation, different functionalities and morphology, before going on to applications in fields such as catalysis, drug delivery, sensing, optics, electronic devices, environmental applications (gas sensing and gas adsorption), biomolecule adsorption and chromatography. The book provides fundamental understanding of PMOs and their advanced applications for general materials chemists and is an excellent guide to these promising novel materials for graduate students majoring in chemical engineering, chemistry, polymer science and materials science and engineering.
Nanoporous Materials: Science And Engineering
Author: G Q Max Lu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 178326179X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 911
Book Description
Porous materials are of scientific and technological importance because of the presence of voids of controllable dimensions at the atomic, molecular, and nanometer scales, enabling them to discriminate and interact with molecules and clusters. Interestingly the big deal about this class of materials is about the “nothingness” within — the pore space. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classifies porous materials into three categories — micropores of less than 2 nm in diameter, mesopores between 2 and 50 nm, and macropores of greater than 50 nm. In this book, nanoporous materials are defined as those porous materials with pore diameters less than 100 nm.Over the last decade, there has been an ever increasing interest and research effort in the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, molecular modeling and design of nanoporous materials. The main challenges in research include the fundamental understanding of structure-property relations and tailor-design of nanostructures for specific properties and applications. Research efforts in this field have been driven by the rapid growing emerging applications such as biosensor, drug delivery, gas separation, energy storage and fuel cell technology, nanocatalysis and photonics. These applications offer exciting new opportunities for scientists to develop new strategies and techniques for the synthesis and applications of these materials.This book provides a series of systematic reviews of the recent developments in nanoporous materials. It covers the following topics: (1) synthesis, processing, characterization and property evaluation; (2) functionalization by physical and/or chemical treatments; (3) experimental and computational studies on fundamental properties, such as catalytic effects, transport and adsorption, molecular sieving and biosorption; (4) applications, including photonic devices, catalysis, environmental pollution control, biological molecules separation and isolation, sensors, membranes, hydrogen and energy storage, etc./a
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 178326179X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 911
Book Description
Porous materials are of scientific and technological importance because of the presence of voids of controllable dimensions at the atomic, molecular, and nanometer scales, enabling them to discriminate and interact with molecules and clusters. Interestingly the big deal about this class of materials is about the “nothingness” within — the pore space. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classifies porous materials into three categories — micropores of less than 2 nm in diameter, mesopores between 2 and 50 nm, and macropores of greater than 50 nm. In this book, nanoporous materials are defined as those porous materials with pore diameters less than 100 nm.Over the last decade, there has been an ever increasing interest and research effort in the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, molecular modeling and design of nanoporous materials. The main challenges in research include the fundamental understanding of structure-property relations and tailor-design of nanostructures for specific properties and applications. Research efforts in this field have been driven by the rapid growing emerging applications such as biosensor, drug delivery, gas separation, energy storage and fuel cell technology, nanocatalysis and photonics. These applications offer exciting new opportunities for scientists to develop new strategies and techniques for the synthesis and applications of these materials.This book provides a series of systematic reviews of the recent developments in nanoporous materials. It covers the following topics: (1) synthesis, processing, characterization and property evaluation; (2) functionalization by physical and/or chemical treatments; (3) experimental and computational studies on fundamental properties, such as catalytic effects, transport and adsorption, molecular sieving and biosorption; (4) applications, including photonic devices, catalysis, environmental pollution control, biological molecules separation and isolation, sensors, membranes, hydrogen and energy storage, etc./a
Smart Nanovesicles for Drug Targeting and Delivery
Author: Maria Carafa
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038978949
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Book Description
We can use the short text on the SI page for the description, or you make slight modifications on it. The description/summary is only for promotion (flyer, distribution channels), and will not be included in the book You can use the short text on the SI page for the description Nanovesicles are highly-promising systems for the delivery and/or targeting of drugs, biomolecules and contrast agents. Despite the fact that initial studies in this area were performed on phospholipid vesicles, there is an ever-increasing interest in the use of other molecules to obtain smart vesicular carriers focusing on strategies for targeted delivery. These systems can be obtained using newly synthesized smart molecules, or by intelligent design of opportune carriers to achieve specific delivery to the site of action. The drug/contrast agent-containing vesicles need to be directed to precise locations within the body to obtain desired magnitude and duration of the therapeutic or diagnostic effect. This spatial control in the delivery might open new avenues to modulate drug activity while avoiding side-effects and to optimize contrast agent properties while avoiding a broad distribution in the organism. However, delivering and targeting active substances into specific tissues and cells is still a challenge in designing novel therapeutic approaches against untreatable disorders, such as tumors and degenerative diseases.
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038978949
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Book Description
We can use the short text on the SI page for the description, or you make slight modifications on it. The description/summary is only for promotion (flyer, distribution channels), and will not be included in the book You can use the short text on the SI page for the description Nanovesicles are highly-promising systems for the delivery and/or targeting of drugs, biomolecules and contrast agents. Despite the fact that initial studies in this area were performed on phospholipid vesicles, there is an ever-increasing interest in the use of other molecules to obtain smart vesicular carriers focusing on strategies for targeted delivery. These systems can be obtained using newly synthesized smart molecules, or by intelligent design of opportune carriers to achieve specific delivery to the site of action. The drug/contrast agent-containing vesicles need to be directed to precise locations within the body to obtain desired magnitude and duration of the therapeutic or diagnostic effect. This spatial control in the delivery might open new avenues to modulate drug activity while avoiding side-effects and to optimize contrast agent properties while avoiding a broad distribution in the organism. However, delivering and targeting active substances into specific tissues and cells is still a challenge in designing novel therapeutic approaches against untreatable disorders, such as tumors and degenerative diseases.
Recent Progress in Mesostructured Materials
Author: Dongyuan Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier Science Limited
ISBN: 9780444521781
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 922
Book Description
Recent Progress in Mesostructured Materials is a selection of oral and poster communications presented during the 5th International Mesostructured Materials Symposium (5th IMMS2006). Authorized by International Mesostructured Material Association (IMMA) and hosted by the Fudan University, China. The scope of this involved field covers both traditional inorganic mesostructured molecular sieves and mesostructured materials like organic polymers, metals, organic-inorganic nanocomposites, and ordered mesoporous carbons, the hot topics in chemistry, crystallization, structure, liquid crystalline, catalysis and materials science. This symposium provided a forum for the presentation of the most novel development and knowledge in the science and technology of mesostructured materials. Papers presented cover a wide range of topics that include synthesis, structure determination, characterisation, modelling, and application in catalysis, adsorption, biochemistry and advanced material sciences. * This highly visual book is a must for readers looking to stay up-to-date on mesostructure science * A selection of more than 200 oral and poster papers, covering research aspects/developing trends of mesostructured materials * An important reference for those working in the material science, catalysis and biotechnology fields
Publisher: Elsevier Science Limited
ISBN: 9780444521781
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 922
Book Description
Recent Progress in Mesostructured Materials is a selection of oral and poster communications presented during the 5th International Mesostructured Materials Symposium (5th IMMS2006). Authorized by International Mesostructured Material Association (IMMA) and hosted by the Fudan University, China. The scope of this involved field covers both traditional inorganic mesostructured molecular sieves and mesostructured materials like organic polymers, metals, organic-inorganic nanocomposites, and ordered mesoporous carbons, the hot topics in chemistry, crystallization, structure, liquid crystalline, catalysis and materials science. This symposium provided a forum for the presentation of the most novel development and knowledge in the science and technology of mesostructured materials. Papers presented cover a wide range of topics that include synthesis, structure determination, characterisation, modelling, and application in catalysis, adsorption, biochemistry and advanced material sciences. * This highly visual book is a must for readers looking to stay up-to-date on mesostructure science * A selection of more than 200 oral and poster papers, covering research aspects/developing trends of mesostructured materials * An important reference for those working in the material science, catalysis and biotechnology fields
Carbon Alloys
Author: E. Yasuda
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528538
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 584
Book Description
In recent years the Japanese have funded a comprehensive study of carbon materials which incorporate other elements including boron, nitrogen and fluorine, hence the title of the project "Carbon Alloys".Coined in 1992, the phrase "Carbon Alloys" can be applied to those materials mainly composed of carbon materials in multi-component systems. The carbon atoms of each component have a physical and/or chemical interactive relationship with other atoms or compounds. The carbon atoms of the components may have different hybrid bonding orbitals to create quite different carbon components.Eiichi Yasuda and his team consider the definition of Carbon Alloys, present the results of the Carbon Alloys projects, describe typical Carbon Alloys and their uses, discuss recent techniques for their characterization, and finally, illustrate potential applications and future developments for Carbon Alloy science. The book contains over thirty chapters on these studies from as many researchers.The most modern of techniques, particularly in the area of spectroscopy, were used as diagnostic tools, and many of these are applicable to pure carbons also. Porosity in carbons received considerable attention.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528538
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 584
Book Description
In recent years the Japanese have funded a comprehensive study of carbon materials which incorporate other elements including boron, nitrogen and fluorine, hence the title of the project "Carbon Alloys".Coined in 1992, the phrase "Carbon Alloys" can be applied to those materials mainly composed of carbon materials in multi-component systems. The carbon atoms of each component have a physical and/or chemical interactive relationship with other atoms or compounds. The carbon atoms of the components may have different hybrid bonding orbitals to create quite different carbon components.Eiichi Yasuda and his team consider the definition of Carbon Alloys, present the results of the Carbon Alloys projects, describe typical Carbon Alloys and their uses, discuss recent techniques for their characterization, and finally, illustrate potential applications and future developments for Carbon Alloy science. The book contains over thirty chapters on these studies from as many researchers.The most modern of techniques, particularly in the area of spectroscopy, were used as diagnostic tools, and many of these are applicable to pure carbons also. Porosity in carbons received considerable attention.
Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799887367
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1917
Book Description
The use of nanotechnologies continues to grow, as nanomaterials have proven their versatility and use in many different fields and industries within the scientific profession. Using nanotechnology, materials can be made lighter, more durable, more reactive, and more efficient leading nanoscale materials to enhance many everyday products and processes. With many different sizes, shapes, and internal structures, the applications are endless. These uses range from pharmaceutics to materials such as cement or cloth, electronics, environmental sustainability, and more. Therefore, there has been a recent surge of research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of these nanomaterials to better understand how they can be used, their applications, and the many different types. The Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials seeks to address not only how nanomaterials are created, used, or characterized, but also to apply this knowledge to the multidimensional industries, fields, and applications of nanomaterials and nanoscience. This includes topics such as both natural and manmade nanomaterials; the size, shape, reactivity, and other essential characteristics of nanomaterials; challenges and potential effects of using nanomaterials; and the advantages of nanomaterials with multidisciplinary uses. This book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, practitioners, industrialists, educators, strategists, policymakers, scientists, and students working in fields that include materials engineering, engineering science, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology, drug design and delivery, medicine, and more.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799887367
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1917
Book Description
The use of nanotechnologies continues to grow, as nanomaterials have proven their versatility and use in many different fields and industries within the scientific profession. Using nanotechnology, materials can be made lighter, more durable, more reactive, and more efficient leading nanoscale materials to enhance many everyday products and processes. With many different sizes, shapes, and internal structures, the applications are endless. These uses range from pharmaceutics to materials such as cement or cloth, electronics, environmental sustainability, and more. Therefore, there has been a recent surge of research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of these nanomaterials to better understand how they can be used, their applications, and the many different types. The Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials seeks to address not only how nanomaterials are created, used, or characterized, but also to apply this knowledge to the multidimensional industries, fields, and applications of nanomaterials and nanoscience. This includes topics such as both natural and manmade nanomaterials; the size, shape, reactivity, and other essential characteristics of nanomaterials; challenges and potential effects of using nanomaterials; and the advantages of nanomaterials with multidisciplinary uses. This book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, practitioners, industrialists, educators, strategists, policymakers, scientists, and students working in fields that include materials engineering, engineering science, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology, drug design and delivery, medicine, and more.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems
Author: Leena Peltonen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119414040
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
Book Description
Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119414040
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
Book Description
Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.
Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing
Author: Enrique Saldivar-Guerra
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470630329
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 660
Book Description
Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470630329
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 660
Book Description
Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.