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Author: Rakesh Pratapbhai Chaudhary Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Nanoparticles are of interest due to the high number of atoms located on the surface. This high surface area is conductive to higher catalytic efficiency than normal seen in bulk metals. Of numerous nanoparticles catalysts studied, Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles have attracted particular interest due to their superior catalysis for many chemical reactions, especially for fuel cell reactions including hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction. Carbon supported Pt nanoparticles are active anode catalysts for fuel cells. In this thesis nano-sized Pt particles have been synthesized by an advanced and cost effective method. Pt nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrix were synthesized by an electric plasma discharge generated in the ultrasonic cavitation field of benzene. Several material characterization techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the particle size and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were used to study the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles are of considerable interest owing to their potentials application in magnetic fluids, magnetic recording materials, biomedicine, and other applications. In particular magnetic nanoparticles offer attractive possibilities in biomedicine. The size of magnetic nanoparticles range from few nanometers up to tens of nanometers, which places them at dimensions of biological entity such as a cell, a virus, a protein and a gene. Magnetic nanoparticles can be manipulated using an external magnetic field, which provides applications such as tagging of biomolecules, efficient bioseparation, sensitive biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. These applications require particles to be biocompatible, stable and biodegradable. Carbon nanoparticles are potentially biocompatible, chemically stable and nontoxic .In this work Graphite nanoparticles and iron doped carbon nanoparticles were synthesized by an electric plasma discharge generated in the ultrasonic cavitation field of benzene. Several material characterization techniques such as High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and XRD were used to study the particle size and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. XPS and EDX analysis were used to study the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize carbon nanoparticles. Magnetic measurement of iron doped carbon and graphite nanoparticles were measured using Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
Author: Rakesh Pratapbhai Chaudhary Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Nanoparticles are of interest due to the high number of atoms located on the surface. This high surface area is conductive to higher catalytic efficiency than normal seen in bulk metals. Of numerous nanoparticles catalysts studied, Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles have attracted particular interest due to their superior catalysis for many chemical reactions, especially for fuel cell reactions including hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction. Carbon supported Pt nanoparticles are active anode catalysts for fuel cells. In this thesis nano-sized Pt particles have been synthesized by an advanced and cost effective method. Pt nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrix were synthesized by an electric plasma discharge generated in the ultrasonic cavitation field of benzene. Several material characterization techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the particle size and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were used to study the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles are of considerable interest owing to their potentials application in magnetic fluids, magnetic recording materials, biomedicine, and other applications. In particular magnetic nanoparticles offer attractive possibilities in biomedicine. The size of magnetic nanoparticles range from few nanometers up to tens of nanometers, which places them at dimensions of biological entity such as a cell, a virus, a protein and a gene. Magnetic nanoparticles can be manipulated using an external magnetic field, which provides applications such as tagging of biomolecules, efficient bioseparation, sensitive biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. These applications require particles to be biocompatible, stable and biodegradable. Carbon nanoparticles are potentially biocompatible, chemically stable and nontoxic .In this work Graphite nanoparticles and iron doped carbon nanoparticles were synthesized by an electric plasma discharge generated in the ultrasonic cavitation field of benzene. Several material characterization techniques such as High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and XRD were used to study the particle size and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. XPS and EDX analysis were used to study the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize carbon nanoparticles. Magnetic measurement of iron doped carbon and graphite nanoparticles were measured using Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
Author: Qianqian Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nanoparticles Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Platinum (Pt) supported on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is one of the most efficient catalysts for methanol electroxidation. However, there is lack of a facile and environmental method to synthesize Pt nanoparticles on SWCNT. In the first section, I investigated a novel method to synthesize Pt nanoparticles on SWCNT using DNA molecules as dispersing agent for nanotube uniformly suspended in aqueous solutions and templates for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles. The morphology of DNA molecules and Pt nanoparticles and their distributions along SWCNT were studied with the use of a number of electron microscopy and microanalysis techniques; electrocatalytic activities of Pt nanoparticles for methanol oxidations were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and A.C. impedance spectroscopy; and interactions among SWCNT, DNA molecules, and Pt nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. As a result, I found DNA molecules affect the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles around SWCNT and electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles supported on SWCNT for methanol oxidations. In the second section, I investigated two approaches for synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNT) coated with TiO2 nanoparticles for solar cell applications. One method used titanium sulfate (Ti (SO4)2) as a reaction precursor, and a second method employed titanium isopropoxide (Ti (OCH (CH3)2)4) as a reaction precursor. My experimental results indicate that without surface functionalization of CNT, nanotube coated with sensitizing TiO2 nanoparticles could be obtained through the selection of desirable precursors and reaction parameters-using Ti (OCH (CH3)2)4 as a reaction precursor.
Author: Kavi G. Loganathan Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659676369 Category : Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
This book focuses on the fundamentals of the plasma modification techniques, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, and how plasma techniques can be utilized to improve the efficiency of the fuel cells. Platinum/Carbon is used as a catalyst for fuel cells and the objective of this study is to modify the carbon support to improve the catalytic efficiency of fuel cell electrocatalysts. A radio-frequency tumbling plasma reactor is used to modify the carbon support to have uniform coating on the carbon nanoparticles without affecting its bulk properties. Nitrogen and allylamine plasmas are used to obtain nitrogen containing functional groups including amine moieties. The nitrogen containing functional groups are found to have a high affinity for binding platinum and good dispersion of platinum nanoparticles on the treated carbon surface. This book provides good information on the catalyst synthesis of fuel cells and the characterization of the catalysts using different analytical and electrochemical techniques which should be useful for professionals in the field of electrochemistry, energy devices and catalysis.
Author: Sonam Patel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Platinum (Pt) and platinum alloys have attracted wide attention as catalysts to attain high performance to increase the power density and reduce the component cost of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Extensive research has been conducted in the areas of new alloy development and understanding of mechanisms of electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The durability of PEMFCs is also a major barrier to the commercialization of these fuel cells. Recent studies have suggested that potential cycling can gradually lead to loss of active surface area due to Pt dissolution and nanoparticle grain growth [1]. In this thesis we report a one-step synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt nanoparticles and Pt- Cobalt supported on Ketjen carbon black (20% Pt/C & 20% Pt3Co/C) as electro-catalysts for PEMFCs. Pt particles with size in the range of ~ 2.6nm (Pt/C) and 3.9 nm (Pt3Co/C) were obtained through adsorption on carbon supports and subsequently thermal decomposition of platinum acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2). A comparative characterization analysis, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), FT-iR, EDAX, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, was performed on the synthesized and commercial (46.5wt% TKK) catalysts. The analysis was to reveal the Pt dispersion on the carbon support, particle size and distribution, electrochemical surface area (ECA), and ORR activities of these catalysts. It was found that the synthesized Pt/C showed similar particle size to that of the TKK catalysts (2.6nm and 2.7nm, respectively), but narrower particle size distribution; while the particle size for Pt3Co/C was found to be ~3.9 nm. Accelerated durability tests (ADT) under potential cycles were also performed for Pt/C and TKK to study the electrochemical degradation of the catalysts in corrosive environments. The ADTs revealed that the two catalysts (Pt/C & TKK) were comparable with respect to degradation in ECA and ORR activities. Initial electrochemical evaluation of Pt3Co/C was conducted, but durability studies were not attempted in this thesis due to its worse ORR kinetics than those of the Pt/C catalyst. From the experimental data, it was found that particle size impacted negatively the ECA and ORR activity of the catalysts.
Author: Rakesh Pratapbhai Chaudhary
Author: Rakesh Pratapbhai Chaudhary
Author: Qianqian Liu
Author: Kavi G. Loganathan
Author: Ntombizodwa Ruth Mathe
Author: Sonam Patel
Author: Elham Gharibshahi
Author: Ji Zhu
Author: Daniel Adrion
Author: Charles Richard Piskoti
Author: Jason A. Michel