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Author: Sourabh Gangadhar Nadgouda Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical engineering Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The importance of syngas and hydrogen (H2) along with the abundance of natural gas underlines the need for an energy efficiency and economical means of syngas and H2 production from natural gas. The conventional processes for syngas and H2 production consist of several unit operations and are very energy intensive. Additionally, these processes have a lot of CO2 emissions which is a major drawback considering the concern for global warming cause by greenhouse effect. Chemical looping process is an attractive alternative to the conventional processes. It has better exergy efficiency and reduces the downstream processing steps by inherent separation of the products. The reducing and oxidizing gases are either spatially or temporally separation which minimizes the safety hazard of forming a flammable mixture at high temperature. Despite several research efforts in application of chemical looping for syngas and H2 production there still exists scope for improvement in terms of syngas yield and overall process efficiency. In this thesis, the three major aspects of chemical looping process: oxygen carriers, reactor configuration and process configuration, are explored for strategies to enhance syngas and H2 yield. A co-current moving bed reactor configuration is simulated experimentally and theoretically for copper-iron oxygen carriers in addition to testing 5 different process configurations for the overall system. CH4 conversion and dry syngas purity of 99.5% and 97.5%, respectively, is observed in a U-tube fixed bed reactor where a co-current moving bed reactor solids profile is mimicked using copper oxide (20 wt%) - iron oxide (60 wt%) - aluminium oxide (20 wt%) oxygen carrier. The net H2 production is higher by 28% and effective thermal efficiency is 10% more than that of autothermal reforming process for the best performing process configuration. A different process configuration is also shown to have higher syngas yield than the conventional two reactor chemical looping reforming system with iron oxide-magnesium aluminate as the oxygen carrier. Process simulations in ASPEN Plus software are performed under different heat transfer, pressure and co-injection conditions to understand the benefit offered by the improved process configuration. Finally, an improvement in H2 production and, subsequently, cold gas efficiency for a chemical looping combustion system is observed using a staged H2 separation approach in the oxidizer reactor. H2 separation module was simulated in ASPEN Plus software and several combinations of separation modules and oxidizer reactor were screened for highest H2 production. A maximum cold gas efficiency of about 79%, which is 7% and 1.5% higher than the steam methane reforming process (Department of Energy baseline case) and traditional chemical looping combustion system, respectively.
Author: Sourabh Gangadhar Nadgouda Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical engineering Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The importance of syngas and hydrogen (H2) along with the abundance of natural gas underlines the need for an energy efficiency and economical means of syngas and H2 production from natural gas. The conventional processes for syngas and H2 production consist of several unit operations and are very energy intensive. Additionally, these processes have a lot of CO2 emissions which is a major drawback considering the concern for global warming cause by greenhouse effect. Chemical looping process is an attractive alternative to the conventional processes. It has better exergy efficiency and reduces the downstream processing steps by inherent separation of the products. The reducing and oxidizing gases are either spatially or temporally separation which minimizes the safety hazard of forming a flammable mixture at high temperature. Despite several research efforts in application of chemical looping for syngas and H2 production there still exists scope for improvement in terms of syngas yield and overall process efficiency. In this thesis, the three major aspects of chemical looping process: oxygen carriers, reactor configuration and process configuration, are explored for strategies to enhance syngas and H2 yield. A co-current moving bed reactor configuration is simulated experimentally and theoretically for copper-iron oxygen carriers in addition to testing 5 different process configurations for the overall system. CH4 conversion and dry syngas purity of 99.5% and 97.5%, respectively, is observed in a U-tube fixed bed reactor where a co-current moving bed reactor solids profile is mimicked using copper oxide (20 wt%) - iron oxide (60 wt%) - aluminium oxide (20 wt%) oxygen carrier. The net H2 production is higher by 28% and effective thermal efficiency is 10% more than that of autothermal reforming process for the best performing process configuration. A different process configuration is also shown to have higher syngas yield than the conventional two reactor chemical looping reforming system with iron oxide-magnesium aluminate as the oxygen carrier. Process simulations in ASPEN Plus software are performed under different heat transfer, pressure and co-injection conditions to understand the benefit offered by the improved process configuration. Finally, an improvement in H2 production and, subsequently, cold gas efficiency for a chemical looping combustion system is observed using a staged H2 separation approach in the oxidizer reactor. H2 separation module was simulated in ASPEN Plus software and several combinations of separation modules and oxidizer reactor were screened for highest H2 production. A maximum cold gas efficiency of about 79%, which is 7% and 1.5% higher than the steam methane reforming process (Department of Energy baseline case) and traditional chemical looping combustion system, respectively.
Author: Vedant Shah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Historically, fossil fuels have dominated the energy generation domain and it is projected that they will continue to remain a dominant source of energy for the foreseeable future. Although essential, the usage of fossil fuels has deemed to be deleterious for both human health and the surrounding environment as the release of anthropogenic CO2 because of burning fossil fuels has been asserted as one of the leading causes of global warming and climate change. It is important to understand that fossil fuels are not only used for energy generation, but they also contribute significantly towards the production of various industrially important chemicals and derivatives. Syngas and hydrogen, two of the petrochemical industry’s most sought-after commodities are typically generated using fossil fuels, wherein both gaseous and solid fossil fuels can be employed for syngas and hydrogen generation. Naturally occurring carbonaceous sources (fossil fuels) such as natural gas, shale gas, coal, etc. are reformed/gasified in the presence of steam/CO2/molecular O2 to generate syngas, which is processed further for generating hydrogen. These processes however collectively suffer from certain limitations including high endothermic heat requirement, placement of amine-based units for capturing CO2 generated across various operations in the process, catalyst deactivation due to coking, and the requirement of a highly energy and cost-intensive cryogenic air separation unit.
Author: Liang-Shih Fan Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118063139 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5.Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Author: Ke Liu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471719757 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 572
Book Description
Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
This document is the final report for the project titled "Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Enhanced Syngas Production with In-Situ CO2 Capture" under award number FE0012136 for the performance period 10/01/2013 to 12/31/2014. This project investigates the novel Ohio State chemical looping gasification technology for high efficiency, cost efficiency coal gasification for IGCC and methanol production application. The project developed an optimized oxygen carrier composition, demonstrated the feasibility of the concept and completed cold-flow model studies. WorleyParsons completed a techno-economic analysis which showed that for a coal only feed with carbon capture, the OSU CLG technology reduced the methanol required selling price by 21%, lowered the capital costs by 28%, increased coal consumption efficiency by 14%. Further, using the Ohio State Chemical Looping Gasification technology resulted in a methanol required selling price which was lower than the reference non-capture case.
Author: Ronald W. Breault Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527342028 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
This comprehensive and up-to-date handbook on this highly topical field, covering everything from new process concepts to commercial applications. Describing novel developments as well as established methods, the authors start with the evaluation of different oxygen carriers and subsequently illuminate various technological concepts for the energy conversion process. They then go on to discuss the potential for commercial applications in gaseous, coal, and fuel combustion processes in industry. The result is an invaluable source for every scientist in the field, from inorganic chemists in academia to chemical engineers in industry.
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323985009 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 598
Book Description
Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail. - Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties - Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas - Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks
Author: John Rezaiyan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420028146 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
In contrast to traditional combustion, gasification technologies offer the potential for converting coal and low or negative-value feedstocks, such as petroleum coke and various waste materials into usable energy sources or chemicals. With a growing number of companies operating and marketing systems based on gasification concepts worldwide, this b
Author: Yi Cheng Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119251087 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1041
Book Description
Provides a comprehensive review on the brand-new development of several multiphase reactor techniques applied in energy-related processes Explains the fundamentals of multiphase reactors as well as the sophisticated applications Helps the reader to understand the key problems and solutions of clean coal conversion techniques Details the emerging processes for novel refining technology, clean coal conversion techniques, low-cost hydrogen productions and CO2 capture and storage Introduces current energy-related processes and links the basic principles of emerging processes to the features of multiphase reactors providing an overview of energy conversion in combination with multiphase reactor engineering Includes case studies of novel reactors to illustrate the special features of these reactors
Author: Peter Sandvik (Chemical engineer) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical engineering Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Chemical looping technologies can be used as an advanced reforming technology, capable of efficiently generating syngas to serve as a feedstock in a variety of important chemical industries. The pressure of the syngas feedstock to downstream chemical synthesis reactors is an important characteristic that can dictate the products and overall plant economics. While most chemical synthesis reactors, such as Fischer-Tropsch and methanol synthesis reactors, operate at high pressures, most chemical looping reforming studies have been conducted under atmospheric conditions. The high thermodynamic yields from the atmospheric chemical looping reformer run counter to the high conversion of the pressurized downstream reactors. Therefore, this study seeks to quantify the impact of the operating conditions of the chemical looping reformer on the overall system yields. Specifically, The Ohio State University methane to syngas process is analyzed, which uses a cocurrent moving bed fuel/reducer reactor and a fluidized bed air/combustor reactor. The syngas generation results are compared under a variety of operating conditions with the pressure varied between 1 and 30 atm. Initial studies are compared in an isothermal analysis to study the effect of variables, independent of operating temperature. The resulting isothermal analysis is used to guide an adiabatic reactor configuration in an attempt to develop an autothermal chemical looping system. The gas feedstocks, solid feedstocks, operating temperature, feedstock preheating conditions, and system pressure are all analyzed. The results of the autothermal chemical looping system are then integrated into a ~5000 MWth natural gas to liquid fuels plant, in which a chemical looping reformer replaces an autothermal reformer reactor. The study shows that operation of the chemical looping process allows for equivalent syngas yield compared to the autothermal reformer with a 7-13% reduction in natural gas feedstock. Lastly, a novel operating strategy is described in which the chemical looping reducer operates at higher pressure and the chemical looping combustor operates at atmospheric conditions. Such an operating strategy takes advantage of the air and natural gas feedstock pressures to the chemical looping system and is able to eliminate a significant amount of compression energy and equipment. Using the differential operating strategy allows equivalent syngas production to the baseline with a 7% decrease in natural gas usage and ~200 MWe increase in electricity production. A capital cost comparison of the equivalent pressure and differential pressure chemical looping systems indicate a 29% reduction in capital costs when using the differential pressure chemical looping system.
Author: Sourabh Gangadhar Nadgouda
Author: Sourabh Gangadhar Nadgouda
Author: Vedant Shah
Author: Liang-Shih Fan
Author: Ke Liu
Author: 
Author: Ronald W. Breault
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Author: John Rezaiyan
Author: Yi Cheng
Author: Peter Sandvik (Chemical engineer)