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Author: Florian Lüdeke-Freund Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Purpose: This article addresses aviation as an emerging biofuel consumer and discusses sustainability issues and consequences for feedstock production concepts. Biojet fuels have been identified as a promising, readily deployable alternative to fossil-based aviation fuels. At the same time they are highly criticised as their production may have negative social and environmental impacts. Therefore, major sustainability issues and assessment challenges are identified and related to the production of biojet fuel feedstock. Two plant oil production concepts are presented that address the sustainability issues discussed. Both concepts are being investigated within the research project “Platform for Sustainable Aviation Fuels”. Design/methodology/approach: A literature-based overview of sustainability issues and assessment challenges is provided. Additionally, conceptual insights into new plant oil production concepts are presented. Findings: The use of biojet fuels is often hailed as a strategy for the aviation industry to become more sustainable. However, biofuels are not necessarily sustainable and their potential to reduce GHG emissions is highly debated. Several unresolved sustainability issues are identified highlighting the need for improved assessment methods. Moreover, the two concepts presented have the potential to provide sustainably grown feedstock, but further empirical research is needed. Originality/value: This article addresses researchers and practitioners by providing an overview of sustainability issues and assessment challenges related to biojet fuels. Consequences are identified for two plant oil feedstock concepts: i) catch cropping in temperate regions and ii) silvopastoral systems in tropical and subtropical regions. Note: This paper has been chosen as a Highly Commended Award Winner at the Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2013.
Author: Florian Lüdeke-Freund Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Purpose: This article addresses aviation as an emerging biofuel consumer and discusses sustainability issues and consequences for feedstock production concepts. Biojet fuels have been identified as a promising, readily deployable alternative to fossil-based aviation fuels. At the same time they are highly criticised as their production may have negative social and environmental impacts. Therefore, major sustainability issues and assessment challenges are identified and related to the production of biojet fuel feedstock. Two plant oil production concepts are presented that address the sustainability issues discussed. Both concepts are being investigated within the research project “Platform for Sustainable Aviation Fuels”. Design/methodology/approach: A literature-based overview of sustainability issues and assessment challenges is provided. Additionally, conceptual insights into new plant oil production concepts are presented. Findings: The use of biojet fuels is often hailed as a strategy for the aviation industry to become more sustainable. However, biofuels are not necessarily sustainable and their potential to reduce GHG emissions is highly debated. Several unresolved sustainability issues are identified highlighting the need for improved assessment methods. Moreover, the two concepts presented have the potential to provide sustainably grown feedstock, but further empirical research is needed. Originality/value: This article addresses researchers and practitioners by providing an overview of sustainability issues and assessment challenges related to biojet fuels. Consequences are identified for two plant oil feedstock concepts: i) catch cropping in temperate regions and ii) silvopastoral systems in tropical and subtropical regions. Note: This paper has been chosen as a Highly Commended Award Winner at the Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2013.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309440998 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 123
Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Author: Erik C. Wormslev Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289346612 Category : Denmark Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
The study assesses to what extent the production and use of advanced sustainable jet fuel may contribute to GHG reduction and mitigation, and identifies the commercial potential for initiating and scaling up advanced sustainable jet fuel production at a Nordic level. The report explores as well on how to most efficiently use the available Nordic know-how, feedstock and production facilities. The report draws on the latest available reports and statistics, as well as interviews with stakeholders and experts across the Nordic countries, concludes on identifying the most matured technologies, the Nordic opportunities and challenges, and ideas to mitigate the barriers within the Nordic private and public sectors.
Author: Abu Yousuf Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323857167 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
Sustainable Alternatives for Aviation Fuels presents a technical and economic guide on the development of sustainable aviation fuels from renewable sources. With a focus on commercial viability and cost reduction, the book explores every aspect of the alternative aviation fuels supply chain, including commercially feasible and environmentally sound feedstock, production routes, the roles of catalysts in processing, conceptual process design, process economics, engine performance, future market trends and case studies. Readers are provided with the tools to make decisions at every stage that are supported by in-depth techno-economic analyses, lifecycle assessments, and considerations for development prospects within the context of sustainability. This book offers an excellent overview for readers involved in bioenergy and aviation. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and industry practitioners seeking to produce commercially viable, alternative aviation fuels. - Presents the current sustainable alternative fuels for aviation, including commercially viable and environmentally sound feedstock and production routes - Provides practical guidance on topics such as the role of catalysts in processing, conceptual process design and engine performance analysis - Explores process economics, market trends and LCA analysis, in addition to a techno-economic analysis of biojet fuel and its sustainability
Author: Emily S. Nelson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1136318194 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
Aircraft emissions currently account for ~3.5% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The number of passenger miles has increased by 5% annually despite 9/11, two wars and gloomy economic conditions. Since aircraft have no viable alternative to the internal combustion engine, improvements in aircraft efficiency and alternative fuel development become essential. This book comprehensively covers the relevant issues in green aviation. Environmental impacts, technology advances, public policy and economics are intricately linked to the pace of development that will be realized in the coming decades. Experts from NASA, industry and academia review current technology development in green aviation that will carry the industry through 2025 and beyond. This includes increased efficiency through better propulsion systems, reduced drag airframes, advanced materials and operational changes. Clean combustion and emission control of noise, exhaust gases and particulates are also addressed through combustor design and the use of alternative fuels. Economic imperatives from aircraft lifetime and maintenance logistics dictate the drive for "drop-in" fuels, blending jet-grade and biofuel. New certification standards for alternative fuels are outlined. Life Cycle Assessments are used to evaluate worldwide biofuel approaches, highlighting that there is no single rational approach for sustainable buildup. In fact, unless local conditions are considered, the use of biofuels can create a net increase in environmental impact as a result of biofuel manufacturing processes. Governmental experts evaluate current and future regulations and their impact on green aviation. Sustainable approaches to biofuel development are discussed for locations around the globe, including the US, EU, Brazil, China and India.
Author: Mr Walter J Palmer Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN: 1472401263 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
International air and marine travel have been left to one side in past negotiations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but unless something is done, emissions from this segment of the world economy will form a progressively larger percentage of the total, especially as emissions fall in other activities. Will Sustainability Fly? broadens and contextualizes the knowledge resource available to academics, policy makers, air industry leaders and stakeholders, and interested members of the public. The book focuses on fuel, providing background in technical and policy terms, from the broadest reliable sources of information available, for the necessary discourse on society's reaction to the evolving aviation emissions profile.
Author: Abid Hossain Tanzil Publisher: ISBN: Category : Airplanes Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Based on chemical engineering, techno-economic and sustainability principles, a strategic framework is built to evaluate processes for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. This thesis begins with a literature review of emerging SAF technologies and the identification of techno-economic and environmental challenges. Detailed process and economic models are built for seven SAF technologies. The information collected are used to build a simplified equation where minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) is correlated with feedstock price, conversion cost, and yield. This simple equation is used to visualize techno-economic challenges of SAF production. The main challenge to produce SAFs at competitive prices is the low conversion yield of all the existing technologies from lignocellulosic materials (less than 0.25 kg jet fuel produced/kg of biomass feedstock). These low yields are mostly due to the removal of oxygen in the form of CO2 in the deoxygenation step which resulted in lower fuel yields. To achieve targeted MFSP from lignocellulosic materials fuel yield needs to be close to 60 wt. %. General guidelines are proposed for SAF production technologies from lignocellulosic materials to achieve that goal. A novel concept based on biomass carbonization, CO2 gasification/CH4 steam reforming for syngas (CO/H2) production. With this new concept, several paths are available for jet fuel production from syngas at yields higher than 1 kg of jet fuel/per kg of biomass processed. We continue the analysis of new SAF production concepts using rigorous mathematical modeling framework by process graph (P-graph). This modeling framework suggests several new SAF producing concepts coupled with the production of bioproducts. Acetic acid production seems to be particularly attractive. The next three sections of this dissertation focus on near- or short-term strategic assessment of SAF producing technologies by integrating them in existing industrial infrastructures. Integration strategies propose several scenarios that benefit from utilizing existing infrastructures and their existing product and waste stream. These scenarios are evaluated to build a sustainability matrix, in terms of economic and environmental performance indicator. These evaluations result in a collection of 47 integrated scenarios that provide economic and environmental benefit, in terms of minimum fuel selling price and greenhouse gas emission, respectively.
Author: Joachim Buse Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1003846491 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Sustainable Aviation Fuels discusses the transfer process of aviation to carbon-neutral flights, including how to manage the transition period. It also demonstrates how to develop and design a new approach for environmentally friendly air transport with reduced emissions. Covering the full scope of commercialisation, market considerations, advisements on investments and transition challenges of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), the book tackles questions related to the cost of changing fuel types, competitive market models that can exist parallel to the oil industry and strategies for airlines to implement. It considers reliability requirements for feedstock suppliers and SAF producers, as well as ways to avoid feedstock shortages. The book will interest aviation industry professionals, fuel producers, airline fuel buyers, airport operators and propulsion engineers working on SAF production. Aviation, aerospace and business students taking courses in propulsion, gas turbine emissions, air transport management, supply chain development and sustainable energy production will find the book useful as well.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 104
Author: Florian Lüdeke-Freund
Author: Florian Lüdeke-Freund
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Erik C. Wormslev
Author: Abu Yousuf
Author: Emily S. Nelson
Author: Michael P. Wolcott
Author: Mr Walter J Palmer
Author: Abid Hossain Tanzil
Author: Joachim Buse
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security