Author: Gongjingyi Hou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Adsorption Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Fluorocarbon gases (fluorocarbons) are widely used in many fields such as, for the preparation of refrigerants, as a blood substitute and for inhaled anaesthetics. However, waste fluorocarbons may contribute to global warming and damage the ozone. Sevoflurane, which is a type of fluorocarbon, is generally used in hospitals as a kind of anaesthetic for many surgeries, patients need to inhale it for anaesthesia prior to surgeries. However, it is harmful to medical staff and patients to be exposed to a surrounding of anaesthetic gases (fluorocarbons) for prolonged periods of time, although many hospitals have scavenging systems. These waste anaesthetics are then released to the atmosphere, which can contribute to global warming. Thus, it is necessary to find an effective method to adsorb waste anaesthetic gases. Activated carbon (AC) is an excellent adsorbent that has been used for years to remove CO2, CO, NO, CH4 and metals from wastewater. Hence, it is thought that AC can be used to adsorb fluorocarbon gases. In order to improve the adsorption capacity of AC, surface modification methods can be used. In this study, HCl, NaOH and HNO3 at different concentrations, were used to treat activated carbon with different treatment times. Results found that, HCl and NaOH can improve the adsorption capacity of AC, with HCl-treated AC performing best. However, after HNO3 treatment, the adsorption capacity of AC decreased. The effect of concentration and treatment time on the adsorption capacity of AC is not very clear. Overall, HCl and NaOH are efficient modification methods to improve the adsorption capacity of activated carbon to fluorocarbons, but HNO3 is not.
Author: Teresa J. Bandosz Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080455956 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation provides a comprehensive summary of the environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to understand the removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the theoretical bases of adsorption phenomena are discussed. The effects of pore structure and surface chemistry are also addressed from both science and engineering perspectives. Each chapter provides examples of real applications with an emphasis on the role of the carbon surface in adsorption or reactive adsorption. The practical aspects addressed in this book cover the broad spectrum of applications from air and water cleaning and energy storage to warfare gas removal and biomedical applications. This book can serve as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in filtration, water treatment, adsorbents and air cleaning, in addition to environmental policies and regulations. Addresses fundamental carbon science and how it relates to applications of carbon surfaces Describes the broad spectrum of activated carbon applications in environmental remediation Serves as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field
Author: ROOP CHAND. GOYAL BANSAL (MEENAKSHI.) Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780367578077 Category : Languages : en Pages : 520
Book Description
Introducing the parameters and mechanisms involved in the activated carbon adsorption of organic and inorganic compounds, this text brings together the most significant research on surface structure and processes, adsorption theories and isotherm equations, and applications from the latest literature on carbon adsorption. The book explains surfa
Author: Detlef R. U. Knappe Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843398419 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Many water treatment plants need to remove objectionable trace organic compounds, and activated carbon adsorption is often the best available technology. Utilities face the challenge of having to choose from a large variety of activated carbons, and iodine number or BET surface area values are often utilized in the selection process. Although neither parameter correlates well with adsorption capacities, alternative activated carbon selection criteria based on fundamental adsorbent and adsorbate properties are lacking to date. The first objective of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of activated carbon pore structure and surface chemistry on the adsorption of two common drinking water contaminants: the relatively polar fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and the relatively nonpolar solvent trichloroethene (TCE). The second objective was to develop simple descriptors of activated carbon characteristics that facilitate the selection of suitable adsorbents for the removal of organic contaminants from drinking water.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Author: Zaid K. Chowdhury Publisher: American Water Works Association ISBN: 1583219072 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
"Many books have been written about granular activated carbon. Some focus on the theory of performance and removal mechanisms while others focus on design features. This book focuses on solutions. It describes the challenges facing water providers to provide safe water that is acceptable to their customers, utility experiences using activated carbon, activated carbon applications, and design and procurement approaches. The appendices include detailed case studies and a life-cycle assessment demonstrating favorable sustainability considerations for activated carbon when compared to other treatment technologies. Never before has all of this information been together in one location. The what, why, and how of activated carbon are connected in this book and demonstrate why this treatment technology has maintained its status as an integral treatment technology in the quest for pure water over millennia"--
Author: Venkataraman Sivasankar Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319406868 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This book discusses the problems and feasible remediation of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The book investigates applications of various carbons derived from bio-mass and bio-polymers. It also inquires into surface modified carbons that use inorganic ions to help remove excess fluoride ions in drinking water and wastewater effluents. The compliance of kinetic and isotherm models with fluoride sorption is covered, and the suggested mechanisms of defluoridation by surface modified carbon materials is described.
Author: Ferhan Cecen Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527639454 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.
Author: Jerry. R. Perrich Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351077910 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
This volume is a guide to the state of the art of activated carbon adsorption technology as applied to wastewater treatment. This book surveys this body of knowledge and is a detailed description of current technology.
Author: Liang Yan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Activated carbon adsorption is widely used to remove organic matters (both micropollutants and dissolved natural organic matter (DOM)) in water treatment systems. However, economic use and adsorption effectiveness have been major concerns due to not ideal physicochemical characteristics of most current activated carbons. Meanwhile, due to the competitive adsorption effect from DOM, it has been a great challenge to achieve effective micropollutants removal. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop activated carbon with specific selectivity for the removal of DOM and another type for effective removal of micropollutants. This will eventually lead to their application in water treatment facility as a sequence of two adsorber beds in series. Chemical activation of bituminous coal by KOH was applied to develop activated carbons. A total of 24 activated carbons with different porous structure and BET surface area were created under different activation conditions. The effect of the different variables of the activation process on critical carbon parameters was analyzed. In this study, phenolic compounds were selected as model compounds to represent micropollutants. In case of phenolic compounds, the oligomerization phenomenon that occurs in the presence of molecular oxygen, must be controlled by limiting the pore size of activated carbon. Therefore, BC-21 with highest microporosity was selected for phenolic compounds removal. In order to understand the impact of BC-21 on oligomerization of phenolics, single solute, binary solute and ternary solute isotherm adsorption were conducted. Meanwhile, commercial activated carbon F400 was used for comparison. These isotherms were collected under anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions. All isotherms demonstrated BC-21 has not only better adsorption capacity but also higher regeneration efficiency. BC-41 with highest mesoporosity was used as carbon precursor for DOM removal. Two novel tailoring methods (outgassing and manganese impregnation) were employed to modify the surface chemical characteristics of BC-41. The developed tailored activated carbons (BC-41-OG -argon outgassed and BC-41-MnN - manganese dioxide impregnated) showed much better DOM adsorption rate and equilibrium capacity than F400 and virgin carbon BC-41. The enhanced DOM removal by BC-41-MnN was attributed to the presence of manganese species on the carbon surface. The higher removal of BC-41-OG was due to the higher surface basicity created during the outgassing treatment. It is very common to have micropollutants such as phenolics in the treatment environment. Therefore, the role of phenolic compounds in determining the adsorption effectiveness of DOM using BC-41-OG and BC-41-MnN was further investigated. The results of the kinetic study indicated phenolic compounds have a significant positive effect on the removal rate of DOM. However, the effect on adsorptive capacity of DOM is highly dependent on the surface chemical characteristics of activated carbon. In addition, DOM with different molecular weight distribution demonstrated different extent of influence from oligomerization. The adsorption performance of BC-41-OG and BC-41-MnN was also examined by conducting small column study. The enhanced selectivity in the removal of DOM rather than phenolics was observed for both novel tailored activated carbon as compared to F400.
Author: Gongjingyi Hou
Author: Teresa J. Bandosz
Author: Gayatri Yadavalli
Author: ROOP CHAND. GOYAL BANSAL (MEENAKSHI.)
Author: Detlef R. U. Knappe
Author: Zaid K. Chowdhury
Author: Venkataraman Sivasankar
Author: Ferhan Cecen
Author: Jerry. R. Perrich
Author: Liang Yan