Suppression of Multipass, Multibunch Beam Breakup in Two Pass Recirculating Accelerators PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Beam Breakup (BBU) occurs in all accelerators at sufficiently high currents. In recirculating accelerators, such as the energy recovery linacs used for high power FELs, the maximum current has historically been limited by multipass, multibunch BBU, a form that occurs when the electron beam interacts with the higher-order modes (HOMs) of an accelerating cavity on one pass and then again on the second pass. This effect is of particular concern in the designs of modern high average current energy recovery accelerators utilizing superconducting technology. In such two pass machines rotation of the betatron planes by 90a, first proposed by Smith and Rand in 1980 [1], should significantly increase the threshold current of the multibunch BBU. Using a newly developed two-dimensional tracking code, we study the effect of optical suppression techniques on the threshold current of the JLAB FEL Upgrade. We examine several optical rotator schemes and evaluate their performance in terms of the instability threshold current increase.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Beam Breakup (BBU) occurs in all accelerators at sufficiently high currents. In recirculating accelerators, such as the energy recovery linacs used for high power FELs, the maximum current has historically been limited by multipass, multibunch BBU, a form that occurs when the electron beam interacts with the higher-order modes (HOMs) of an accelerating cavity on one pass and then again on the second pass. This effect is of particular concern in the designs of modern high average current energy recovery accelerators utilizing superconducting technology. In such two pass machines rotation of the betatron planes by 90a, first proposed by Smith and Rand in 1980 [1], should significantly increase the threshold current of the multibunch BBU. Using a newly developed two-dimensional tracking code, we study the effect of optical suppression techniques on the threshold current of the JLAB FEL Upgrade. We examine several optical rotator schemes and evaluate their performance in terms of the instability threshold current increase.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper, a formula, describing a threshold of the regenerative multi-pass Beam Breakup (BBU) for a single dipole higher order mode with arbitrary polarization in a two-pass accelerator with a general-form, 4x4 recirculation matrix, is derived. Also a new two-dimensional BBU code is introduced. To illustrate specifics of the BBU in two dimensions, the formula is used to calculate the threshold in several cases including two-dimensional uncoupled optics, reflecting optics, and rotating optics. The analytical results are compared to results of simulation obtained with the new code. At the end of the paper, a mathematical relation between transfer matrices between cavities of the accelerating structure and recirculation matrices for each cavity, which must be satisfied in order to successfully suppress the BBU by reflection or rotation in several cavities, is presented.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In recirculating accelerators, and in particular energy recovery linacs (ERLs), the maximum current can be limited by multipass, multibunch beam breakup (BBU), which occurs when the electron beam interacts with the higher-order modes (HOMs) of an accelerating cavity on the accelerating pass and again on the energy recovering pass. This effect is of particular concern in the design of modern high average current energy recovery accelerators utilizing superconducting RF technology. Experimental characterization and observations of the instability at the Jefferson Laboratory 10 kW Free Electron Laser (FEL) are presented. Measurements of the threshold current for the instability are made under a variety of beam conditions and compared to the predictions of several BBU simulation codes. This represents the first time in which the codes have been experimentally benchmarked. With BBU posing a threat to high current beam operation in the FEL Driver, several suppression schemes were developed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
It is well known that the multipass, multibunch beam breakup (BBU) instability imposes a potentially severe limitation to the average current that can be accelerated in an energy recovery linac (ERL). Simulation results for Jefferson Lab's FEL Upgrade Driver are presented which predict the occurrence of BBU below the nominal operating current of the machine. In agreement with simulation, BBU was observed and preliminary measurements to identify the higher-order mode (HOM) causing the instability are shown. In addition, measurements performed to experimentally determine the threshold current are described. Using a newly developed two-dimensional BBU simulation code, we study the effect of optical suppression techniques, first proposed by Rand and Smith in 1980 [1], on the threshold current of the FEL. Specifically we consider the effect of (1) reflecting the betatron planes about 45 degrees and (2) rotating the betatron planes by 90 degrees. In two pass recirculators, a 90 degrees rotation significantly increases the threshold current of BBU. The successful installation of a five skew-quadrupole reflector in the backleg of the FEL has been shown to be effective at suppressing the instability and comments on preliminary operational experience will be given.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 2060
Book Description
A vectorized two dimensional beam breakup code, TDBBU, is used to simulate bunch dynamics in recirculating accelerators. First, the code is briefly described, including effects needed to accurately model the CEBAF accelerator. Next, various code test are sketched. Finally, the multipass beam breakup threshold current is determined to be from 10-20 mA for the CEBAF accelerator, a result in agreement with other calculations of the threshold current.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In recirculating accelerators, and in particular energy recovery linacs (ERLs), the maximum current has been limited by multipass, multibunch beam breakup (BBU), which occurs when the electron beam interacts with the higher-order modes (HOMs) of an accelerating cavity on the accelerating pass and again on the energy recovered pass. This effect is of particular concern in the design of modern high average current energy recovery accelerators utilizing superconducting RF technology. Experimental observations of the instability at the Jefferson Laboratory 10 kW Free-Electron Laser (FEL) are presented. Measurements of the threshold current for the instability are presented and compared to the predictions of several BBU simulation codes. With BBU posing a threat to high current beam operation in the FEL Driver, several suppression schemes were developed. These include direct damping of the dangerous HOMs and appropriately modifying the electron beam optics. Preliminary results of their effectiveness in raising the threshold current for stability are presented.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this paper, I present the formula, describing a threshold of the regenerative multi-pass Beam Breakup (BBU) for a single dipole higher order mode with arbitrary polarization in a two-pass accelerator with a general-form, 4 x 4 recirculation matrix. To illustrate specifics of the BBU in two dimensions, the formula is used to calculate the threshold for the reflecting and rotating optics of the recirculator that can lead to higher threshold currents. Then, I present a mathematical relation between transfer matrices between cavities of the accelerating structure and recirculation matrices for each cavity, which must be satisfied in order to successfully suppress the BBU by reflection or rotation in several cavities.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Beam breakup (BBU) instabilities in superconducting linacs are a significant issue due to the potentially high Q values of the cavity higher order modes (HOMs). The CEBAF accelerator, which employs high CW current and 5- pass recirculation through two superconducting linacs, poses unique instability problems. An experimental investigation of multipass BBU along with energy recovery has been completed using a single recirculation through the CEBAF injector linac. Experimental results are compared with computer simulation of multipass BBU.
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Author: Arthur Malcolm Vetter
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Author: Joseph J. Bisognano
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