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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Heat pump water heaters offer a significant opportunity to improve water heating performance for the over 40% of U.S. households that heat domestic hot water using electric resistance storage water heaters. Numerous field studies have also been completed documenting performance in a variety of climates and applications. More recent evaluation efforts have focused attention on the performance of May through September 2014, with ongoing winter monitoring being sponsored by California utility partners. Summer results show favorable system performance with extrapolated annual water heating savings of 1,466 to 2,300 kWh per year, based on the observed hot water loads. Additional summer space cooling benefits savings of 121 to 135 kWh per year were projected, further increasing the water energy savings.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Heat pump water heaters offer a significant opportunity to improve water heating performance for the over 40% of U.S. households that heat domestic hot water using electric resistance storage water heaters. Numerous field studies have also been completed documenting performance in a variety of climates and applications. More recent evaluation efforts have focused attention on the performance of May through September 2014, with ongoing winter monitoring being sponsored by California utility partners. Summer results show favorable system performance with extrapolated annual water heating savings of 1,466 to 2,300 kWh per year, based on the observed hot water loads. Additional summer space cooling benefits savings of 121 to 135 kWh per year were projected, further increasing the water energy savings.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Heat pump water heaters offer a significant opportunity to improve water heating performance for the over 40% of U.S. households that heat domestic hot water using electric resistance storage water heaters. Numerous field studies have also been completed documenting performance in a variety of climates and applications. More recent evaluation efforts have focused attention on the performance of May through September 2014, with ongoing winter monitoring being sponsored by California utility partners. Summer results show favorable system performance with extrapolated annual water heating savings of 1,466 to 2,300 kWh per year, based on the observed hot water loads. Additional summer space cooling benefits savings of 121 to 135 kWh per year were projected, further increasing the water heating savings by 5-9%. Given the project schedule for 2014 completion, no heating season impacts were able to be monitored. May through September 2014, with ongoing winter monitoring being sponsored by California utility partners. Summer results show favorable system performance with extrapolated annual water heating savings of 1,466 to 2,300 kWh per year, based on the observed hot water loads. Additional summer space cooling benefits savings of 121 to 135 kWh per year were projected, further increasing the water heating savings by 5-9%. Given the project schedule for 2014 completion, no heating season impacts were able to be monitored.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
This paper explores the laboratory performance of five integrated Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWHs) across a wide range of operating conditions representative of US climate regions. HPWHs are expected to provide significant energy savings in certain climate zones when compared to typical electric resistance water heaters. Results show that this technology is a viable option in most climates, but differences in control schemes and design features impact the performance of the units tested. Tests were conducted to map heat pump performance across the operating range and to determine the logic used to control the heat pump and the backup electric heaters. Other tests performed include two unique draw profile tests, reduced air flow performance tests and the standard DOE rating tests. The results from all these tests are presented here for all five units tested. The results of these tests will be used to improve the EnergyPlus heat pump water heater for use in BEopt(tm) whole-house building simulations.
Author: Bethany Sparn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Heat pumps Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This report discusses how domestic hot water heating can be a significant opportunity for energy savings. An emerging technology has recently arrived in the U.S. market: the residential integrated heat pump water heater (HPWH). A laboratory evaluation is presented of the five integrated HPWHs available in the U.S. today.
Author: M. Hoeschele Publisher: ISBN: Category : Apartment houses Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Although heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) have gained significant attention in recent years as a high efficiency electric water heating solution for single family homes, central HPWHs for commercial or multi-family applications are not as well documented in terms of measured performance and cost effectiveness. To evaluate this technology, the Alliance for Residential Building Innovation team monitored the performance of a 10.5 ton central HPWH installed on a student apartment building at the West Village Zero Net Energy Community in Davis, California. Monitoring data collected over a 16 month period were then used to validate a TRNSYS simulation model. The TRNSYS model was then used to project performance in different climates using local electric rates. Results of the study indicate that after some initial commissioning issues, the HPWH operated reliably with an annual average efficiency of 2.12 (Coefficient of Performance). The observed efficiency was lower than the unit's rated efficiency, primarily due to the fact that the system rarely operated under steady-state conditions. Changes in the system configuration, storage tank sizing, and control settings would likely improve the observed field efficiency. Modeling results suggest significant energy savings relative to electric storage water heating systems (typical annual efficiencies around 0.90) providing for typical simple paybacks of six to ten years without any incentives. The economics versus gas water heating are currently much more challenging given the current low natural gas prices in much of the country. Increased market size for this technology would benefit cost effectiveness and spur greater technology innovation
Author: Obinna Uyanna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
The current overdependence on fossil fuel as the means of energy generation ensures that eventually, energy and utility costs will be extremely high since these fossil materials are depletive in nature. However, the research and development of energy efficient devices offers a viable solution to this situation. One such device is the heat pump water heater (HPWH), a device that utilizes a reverse refrigeration cycle to generate domestic hot water (DHW) for residential use. The performance of HPWHs in hot-humid climates was analyzed since such areas have high solar energy concentration, especially in the summer. Although electric resistance water heaters (ER WHs) are currently the main source of DHW generation, HPWHs are believed to be the more efficient water heating option. In this work, BEopt, which is a building energy-optimization software, was used to perform simulations of HPWHs and ERWHs in two selected hot-humid climates. With certain user-defined inputs, four simulation cases were generated and tests were run that showed the performance of these water heaters. The results showed that HPWHs were immensely more efficient, having efficiencies of 3.3 and 3.56 in the two test location while ERWHs had efficiencies of 0.88 and 0.9. The results also showed a significant amount of utility savings, reduced consumed energy as well as reduced CO, emissions when compared to ERWHs. It was also shown in the results that the units with HPWHs had significantly higher cooling energy values when compared to units with ERWHs thus leading to a better space cooling and comfort level for occupants of homes on hot-humid climates.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Over recent years, heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) have become more readily available and more widely adopted in the marketplace. For a 6-month period, the Building America team Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings monitored the performance of a GE Geospring HPWH in Windermere, Florida. The study found that the HPWH performed 144% more efficiently than a traditional electric resistance water heater, saving approximately 64% on water heating annually. The monitoring showed that the domestic hot water draw was a primary factor affecting the system's operating efficiency.
Author: Standards Australia Limited Publisher: ISBN: 9781776868148 Category : Water heaters Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
"Standard sets out a method for evaluating the annual energy performance of water heaters using a combination of test results for component performance and mathematical models to determine the standardized annual supplementary energy use. Keywords: water heater; water heater energy evaluation; energy saving; energy performance; water heating technology; thermal collector; heat pump; photovoltaic array; thermal storage tank; solar water heater; heat pump water heater" - Standards NZ website
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Author: Bethany Sparn
Author: Smita Gupta
Author: M. Hoeschele
Author: Jayson Bursill
Author: Obinna Uyanna
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Author: Standards Australia Limited