Author: Everest Media, Publisher: Everest Media LLC ISBN: Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 Reasoning is the process of making sense. It is the science of correct reasoning, and some would call it a discipline of the mind. With study, observation, and practice, we can acquire that mental discipline to use logic to persuade and convince others effectively. #2 The law of non-contradiction states that contradictory propositions cannot be true at the same time and in the same sense. When two propositions can co-exist, they are not contradictory and do not violate the law of non-contradiction. #3 The fourth law is that for every unexplained fact, a rational mind will seek the reason behind it. A rational mind will not accept any reason that is not sufficient. In the example, the explanation must answer questions like: Why did the stranger want to sell it so quickly. Why at such a low price. #4 An appreciation of logic requires an understanding of the following concepts: claims, inference, and arguments. While proponents use arguments to persuade others, not all arguments are validly structured. Critical thinking is required to recognize and construct valid and sound arguments.
Author: Thinknetic Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
If you don't know who to trust, keep making stupid mistakes, and question your own judgement... Then keep reading Why do employers judge candidates on the first impression they make, even though they know it's wrong and often misleading? Why do people smoke, drink to excess, and eat things they know are bad for them? How do normally intelligent people wind up believing fake news stories? To find out, let's take a trip back in time to Victorian England. A famous story from the Victorian days is that women had to wear corsets. It's debated how commonplace corsets actually were, but they squeezed a woman's body like a snake - making the waist look smaller. Corsets worked - but they were so tight, they caused internal damage to women. They also caused a woman's lower back to atrophy. In fact, corsets were so restricting that women often fainted wearing them! But here's the kicker... Fainting from wearing a corset was actually considered to be a good thing! It was thought to be a sign of good breeding. Or so the story goes. Historians debate how often corsets were actually used. But they're a testament to the power of a cognitive fallacy. Poor reasoning, inability to tell facts from fiction and flawed decision-making cause these kinds of fallacies. They're the reason most people never live up to their potential. Even the smartest people in the world are prone to unconscious bias. A Nature.com study in 2015 ("First results from psychology's largest reproducibility test") examined over 100 psychology studies to see if they could be reproduced. Only around a third of the studies could be replicated! Researchers found a full two-thirds of the studies had been skewed by errors or unconscious biases. They couldn't be trusted. It's not that most people are stupid; they just don't know how to see biases and fallacies. That's why we wrote this book. Inside, you'll find: The false beliefs that led to Aztec human sacrifice, and how they're STILL common today The ultra common fallacy you've probably already been exposed to in your DARE class The easy-to-follow five basics steps of critical thinking. Apply them and you'll make every decision with confidence! Rats spread pestilence and plague - but in India, a "Temple of Rats" was constructed because of this false belief How to make yourself "dumb" because smarter people are HARDER to teach! Why you should be skeptical of anyone quoting an authority figure Historic Islamic banking projects, and what they can teach you about false logic Why the supersonic Concorde jet flew so long - even though it was a MASSIVE money loser! ...and much, much more! Conquer Logical Fallacies explains the major cognitive biases and fallacies people encounter. It goes over arguments and how to tell facts from fiction. You might be thinking "Do I really need this?" If you want to build stronger arguments, make more confident decisions, and spot logical errors - then yes. If you have to work with a wide range of other people or analyze information, you'll find this book INVALUABLE. And you might be stunned by how many false biases you're already carrying around. They bleed into your professional and personal life. Do you want to have confidence in your decisions? Then grab this book and upgrade your brain. Scroll up and click "Add to Cart".
Author: Connor Boyack Publisher: ISBN: 9781943521524 Category : Arguments Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In a society where countless ideas are being shared, debated, and analyzed, it's more important than ever to sift out the good ones from among the bad ones. And when people you respect and trust use arguments that sound persuasive, how can you determine if they are correct? One of the most commonly used methods of spreading misinformation is the use of a logical fallacy--a bad argument that makes something seem truthful that actually might not be. These types of arguments are used repeatedly, and there are many different types. Fortunately, these logical fallacies can be learned, so they can be avoided. Armed with this information, you'll be equipped to understand when people are sharing an idea that is wrong or making a claim that isn't true. You'll become an expert debater by being able to point out a flaw in an opponent's argument. That makes this book dangerous--a guidebook for teenagers and young adults who want to explore the ins and outs of how to win arguments and point out problems in others' ideas. Use this book wisely! Fallacies included: The Strawman False Cause Appeal to Emotion Slippery Slope Ad Hominem Personal Incredulity Special Pleading Loaded Question Burden of Proof Ambiguity The Gambler The Bandwagon Appeal to Authority Composition & Division No True Scotsman Origins Black or White Begging the Question Appeal to Nature Anecdotal The Sharpshooter Middle Ground Tu Quoque The Fallacy Fallacy
Author: Hans V. Hansen Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 027104294X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
Since 1970, when Charles Hamblin issued a challenge for philosophers, logicians, and educators in general to begin work anew in fallacies, a serious literature on fallacies has indeed developed. Part of this literature deals with the theory of what fallacies are; another part of it contains rigorous analyses of particular fallacies. However, most is still not readily accessible to the researcher, teacher, or student of the field. As a result, the best work on fallacies is not finding its way into the classroom, nor is it informing the educational and intellectual experiences available to most college and university students. A major purpose of this book is to make the post-Hamblin work on fallacies available to a wider audience in a single, convenient volume. The editors have brought together for the first time the most important historical writings on fallacy theory, from Aristotle to John Stuart Mill, and the most recent and most important theoretical and pedagogical developments in the field since Hamblin's landmark 1970 book. All but a few of the essays included are new contributions for this anthology, and an extensive annotated bibliography is included for researchers and students of fallacies and fallacy theory.
Author: Gavin Houle Publisher: ISBN: 9783986535032 Category : Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
Why do companies rate applicants based on their initial impression, even when they know it's incorrect and often misleading? Why do individuals smoke, drink excessively, and consume foods that are harmful to their health? How can ordinarily educated individuals come to believe in false news? Let's go back in time to Victorian England to find out. Corsets were required for ladies in Victorian times, according to a well-known anecdote. It's debatable how prevalent corsets were, but they compressed a woman's body like a snake, making her waist seem thinner. Corsets were effective but so tight that they caused internal harm to women. They also induced atrophy in a woman's lower back. Corsets were so constricting that ladies often collapsed while wearing them! But here's the twist... It was thought that fainting while wearing a corset was a good thing! It was seen as a sign of excellent breeding. So goes the narrative. Historians disagree on how often corsets were worn. However, they demonstrate the potency of a cognitive error. These fallacies are caused by poor thinking, an inability to distinguish between reality and fiction, and poor decision-making. They are the reason why most individuals never reach their full potential. Most people aren't ignorant; they simply don't know how to see biases and fallacies. That is why we decided to write this book. You'll find the following inside: The myths that lead to Aztec human sacrifice and how they are still prevalent today Rats transmit illness and plague, yet a "Temple of Rats" was built in India due to this mistaken notion. How to make oneself "stupid" since teaching brighter people is HARDER! Why you should be wary of anybody who quotes an authoritative figure ...And so much more! Do you want to be sure about your decisions? Then get this book and improve your mind. Scroll to the top and click "Add to Cart."
Author: Jacob E. Van Vleet Publisher: ISBN: 9780761872535 Category : Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide is a systematic and concise introduction to more than fifty logical fallacies. This revised edition includes updated examples, exercises, and a new chapter on non-Western logical fallacies.
Author: Blique Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781973885481 Category : Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
Logic seems like a simple thing. And yet, somehow, mistakes in logic happen all the time. But how do these mistakes, these "fallacies," happen? Maybe they are caused by a lack of knowledge. Maybe they are caused by a lack of critical thinking. Maybe they are caused by small monsters that live in people's heads, encouraging them to believe someone's lies, or maybe pick the easy, deceitful way to win a difficult argument. This book is about those monsters.
Author: Everest Media,
Author: Thinknetic
Author: Connor Boyack
Author: Hans V. Hansen
Author: Gavin Houle
Author: Jacob E. Van Vleet
Author: Blique