Sulfuric Acid Versus Elemental Sulfur as By-products PDF Download

Author: United States. Department of Energy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal gasification
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Author: Korneel Rabaey
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 184339233X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525

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Book Description
In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.

Author: Matt King
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0080982263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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By some measure the most widely produced chemical in the world today, sulfuric acid has an extraordinary range of modern uses, including phosphate fertilizer production, explosives, glue, wood preservative and lead-acid batteries. An exceptionally corrosive and dangerous acid, production of sulfuric acid requires stringent adherence to environmental regulatory guidance within cost-efficient standards of production. This work provides an experience-based review of how sulfuric acid plants work, how they should be designed and how they should be operated for maximum sulfur capture and minimum environmental impact. Using a combination of practical experience and deep physical analysis, Davenport and King review sulfur manufacturing in the contemporary world where regulatory guidance is becoming ever tighter (and where new processes are being required to meet them), and where water consumption and energy considerations are being brought to bear on sulfuric acid plant operations. This 2e will examine in particular newly developed acid-making processes and new methods of minimizing unwanted sulfur emissions. The target readers are recently graduated science and engineering students who are entering the chemical industry and experienced professionals within chemical plant design companies, chemical plant production companies, sulfuric acid recycling companies and sulfuric acid users. They will use the book to design, control, optimize and operate sulfuric acid plants around the world. - Unique mathematical analysis of sulfuric acid manufacturing processes, providing a sound basis for optimizing sulfuric acid manufacturing processes - Analysis of recently developed sulfuric acid manufacturing techniques suggests advantages and disadvantages of the new processes from the energy and environmental points of view - Analysis of tail gas sulfur capture processes indicates the best way to combine sulfuric acid making and tailgas sulfur-capture processes from the energy and environmental points of view - Draws on industrial connections of the authors through years of hands-on experience in sulfuric acid manufacture

Author: Beat Meyer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483163466
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 461

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Book Description
Sulfur, Energy, and Environment is a guide to the properties of sulfur; its three important compounds; and a review of the production, use, and recovery of sulfur in relation to energy production and environmental protection. After a brief introduction to the history of sulfur, the chemical properties of the element and some important compounds are reviewed, using common analytical methods. Sulfur is a strategic chemical in many modern applications and may make headway into high-volume non-chemical uses as it is being modified according to our changing technology and needs. The sources of sulfur and where it frequently occurs is explained. This discussion is followed by citing reviews of the four most important cycles, that is, the global sulfur cycle, hydrosphere, atmospheric sulfur budget, and the anthropogenic sulfur cycle. Sulfur production methods, coal combustion chemistry, and flue gas desulfurization are then described. The many uses of sulfur are described, including in medicine, agriculture, chemical industry, and the plastic industry. However, throughout the production of sulfur, problems affecting the environment occur, so environmental control and legislation are also discussed. Finally, the trends of sulfur research, production, use and recovery, role of chemistry, and the future overall area where science, energy, chemistry, and the environment exist together are presented. Chemists and chemistry students, industrialists, and environmental planners will find this guide to sulfur helpful. Lecturers in chemistry and researchers in the many fields of application of sulfur will likewise benefit from it.

Author: Francois Gagne
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012411623X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
Biochemical Ecotoxicology: Principles and Methods presents practical approaches to biochemical ecotoxicology experiments for environmental protection and conservation. With its methodical, stepped approach this essential reference introduces readers to current techniques for toxicity endpoint testing, suitable for laboratories of any size and budget. Each chapter presents a state-of-the-art principle, a quick and inexpensive procedure (including appropriate reagents), case studies, and demonstrations on how to analyze your results. Generic techniques are covered, suitable for a variety of organisms, as well as high-throughput techniques like quantitative polymerase chain reactions and enzyme-linked immunoassays. Cutting-edge approaches, including gPCR arrays and lipidomic techniques, are also included, making this is an essential reference for anyone who needs to assess environmental toxicity. - Practical, cost-effective approaches to assess environmental toxicity endpoints for all types of organism - Presents theory, methods, case studies and information on how to analyze results - State-of-the-art techniques, such as 'omics' approaches to toxicology

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 600

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Author: Geological Survey
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9781411337077
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1078

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Book Description
This volume, covering metals and minerals, contains chapters on approximately 90 commodities. In addition, this volume has chapters on mining and quarrying trends and on statistical surveying methods used by Minerals Information, plus a statistical summary.

Author: Commodity Research Bureau
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471444707
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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Book Description
The single most comprehensive source of commodity and futures market information available Since 1939, professional traders, commercial hedgers, portfolio managers, and speculators have come to regard The CRB Commodity Yearbook as the "bible" of the industry. Here is a wealth of authoritative data, gathered from government reports, private industry, and trade and industry associations, all compiled by the Commodity Research Bureau, the organization of record for the entire commodity industry itself. Absolutely essential for identifying changing trends in supply and demand and for projecting important price movements, the Yearbook gives the investor: Worldwide supply/demand and production/consumption data for all the basic commodities and futures markets–from A(luminum) to Z(inc), including all the major markets in interest rates, currencies, energy, and stock index futures Over 900 tables, graphs, and price charts of historical data, many of which show price history dating back to 1900 Concise introductory articles that describe the salient features of each commodity and help put the quantitative information in perspective Articles by prominent professionals on key markets and important issues concerning the commodity industry. The 2003 Yearbook features articles by prominent professionals, including "Understanding and Analyzing the Sugar Market" by Walter Spilka and "Conquer the Crash: You Can Survive and Prosper in a Deflationary Depression" by national bestselling author, Robert R. Prechter Jr. For anyone dealing in commodities, The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2003 offers an abundance of valuable information and indispensable guidance for decision-making.

Author: Gerald Kutney
Publisher: ChemTec Publishing
ISBN: 1895198372
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
This attractive volume presents the history, characteristics, and uses for that vibrant yellow element, sulfur. Commercial sulfuric acid production from the early 16th century until today is reviewed, spanning the Ancient and Renaissance periods, the Industrial Age (to which sulfur was vitally important), and the Sulfur War of 1840. The book introduces "the Sulfur Age" and the processes of this period -- such as the Nordhausen, Bell and Leblanc methods --, then goes on to review native sulfur production in Sicily, once a major supplier to the world. Colorful characters abound here, including the Gabelloti, Doppioni, and wine merchants. The focus shifts to Frasch Sulfur production, with a portrait of Herman Frasch, his life and career, and a look at areas touched by his legacy (e.g., Texas, Mexico, Poland and Iraq). Moving to present day, the book presents "recovered" sulfur -- derived from sour gas and oil -- which constitutes 90% of today's elemental sulfur supply, and looks to Canada, a powerhouse supplier of Recovered Sulfur. An entire chapter is devoted to the modern-day sulfur entrepreneur, with a profile of various investors (from the reluctant to the private and institutional), and evaluates the benefits of adopting "revolutionary technologies". Finally, the book forecasts the sulfur industry's future and potential supply sources, such as worldwide oil sands. If you need a single, comprehensive book on sulfur, this is a book for your library.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080922015
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2407

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Book Description
The Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology is a comprehensive, two-volume reference guide to the properties, effects, and regulation of pesticides that provides the latest and most complete information to researchers investigating the environmental, agricultural, veterinary, and human-health impacts of pesticide use. Written by international experts from academia, government, and the private sector, the Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology is an in-depth examination of critical issues related to the need for, use of, and nature of chemicals used in modern pest management. This updated 3e carries on the book's tradition of serving as the definitive reference on pesticide toxicology and recognizes the seminal contribution of Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., co-Editor of the first edition. - Presents a comprehensive look at all aspects of pesticide toxicology in one reference work. - Clear exposition of hazard identification and dose response relationships in each chapter featuring pesticide agents and actions - All major classes of pesticide considered - Different routes of exposure critically evaluated